Engineering consistent machining forces in functionally graded materials
(2026) In CIRP Annals- Abstract
Additive manufacturing enables multi-material functionally graded materials (FGMs) with expanded functionality, yet post-machining remains challenging because flow stress varies with composition. This paper presents a data-efficient, physics-guided Gaussian process (GP) model for predicting milling forces in SS316/IN718 FGMs without repeated force-coefficient identification. A physics-based milling model with mixture-law baselines is corrected using sparse force measurements, while the GP learns the residual as a smooth function of composition and parameters. The model reduces prediction error from 26.6 to 19.2% for feed force and from 19.8 to 10.6% for normal force, while adaptive feed scheduling lowers peak-force variation from ∼50 to... (More)
Additive manufacturing enables multi-material functionally graded materials (FGMs) with expanded functionality, yet post-machining remains challenging because flow stress varies with composition. This paper presents a data-efficient, physics-guided Gaussian process (GP) model for predicting milling forces in SS316/IN718 FGMs without repeated force-coefficient identification. A physics-based milling model with mixture-law baselines is corrected using sparse force measurements, while the GP learns the residual as a smooth function of composition and parameters. The model reduces prediction error from 26.6 to 19.2% for feed force and from 19.8 to 10.6% for normal force, while adaptive feed scheduling lowers peak-force variation from ∼50 to ∼8%.
(Less)
- author
- Jin, Xiaoliang ; Kazemi, Farshad ; Lu, Zhenghui ; Clare, Adam T. and M'Saoubi, Rachid LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2026
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- epub
- subject
- keywords
- Force, Functionally graded materials, Milling
- in
- CIRP Annals
- publisher
- Elsevier
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:105037066247
- ISSN
- 0007-8506
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.cirp.2026.04.083
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 4963a4b1-cf52-4b94-bfc3-a0e4d9b0b241
- date added to LUP
- 2026-06-24 12:21:47
- date last changed
- 2026-06-24 12:22:11
@article{4963a4b1-cf52-4b94-bfc3-a0e4d9b0b241,
abstract = {{<p>Additive manufacturing enables multi-material functionally graded materials (FGMs) with expanded functionality, yet post-machining remains challenging because flow stress varies with composition. This paper presents a data-efficient, physics-guided Gaussian process (GP) model for predicting milling forces in SS316/IN718 FGMs without repeated force-coefficient identification. A physics-based milling model with mixture-law baselines is corrected using sparse force measurements, while the GP learns the residual as a smooth function of composition and parameters. The model reduces prediction error from 26.6 to 19.2% for feed force and from 19.8 to 10.6% for normal force, while adaptive feed scheduling lowers peak-force variation from ∼50 to ∼8%.</p>}},
author = {{Jin, Xiaoliang and Kazemi, Farshad and Lu, Zhenghui and Clare, Adam T. and M'Saoubi, Rachid}},
issn = {{0007-8506}},
keywords = {{Force; Functionally graded materials; Milling}},
language = {{eng}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
series = {{CIRP Annals}},
title = {{Engineering consistent machining forces in functionally graded materials}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2026.04.083}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.cirp.2026.04.083}},
year = {{2026}},
}