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Gender-Based Differences and Associated Factors Surrounding Excessive Smartphone Use Among Adolescents: Cross-sectional Study

Claesdotter-Knutsson, Emma LU ; André, Frida LU ; Fridh, Maria LU ; Delfin, Carl LU orcid ; Hakansson, Anders LU and Lindström, Martin LU (2021) In JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 4(4).
Abstract
Background: Excessive smartphone use is a new and debated phenomenon frequently mentioned in the context of behavioral addiction, showing both shared and distinct traits when compared to pathological gaming and gambling. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe excessive smartphone use and associated factors among adolescents, focusing on comparisons between boys and girls. Methods: This study was based on data collected through a large-scale public health survey distributed in 2016 to pupils in the 9th grade of primary school and those in the 2nd grade of secondary school. Bayesian binomial regression models, with weakly informative priors, were used to examine whether the frequency of associated factors differed between those who... (More)
Background: Excessive smartphone use is a new and debated phenomenon frequently mentioned in the context of behavioral addiction, showing both shared and distinct traits when compared to pathological gaming and gambling. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe excessive smartphone use and associated factors among adolescents, focusing on comparisons between boys and girls. Methods: This study was based on data collected through a large-scale public health survey distributed in 2016 to pupils in the 9th grade of primary school and those in the 2nd grade of secondary school. Bayesian binomial regression models, with weakly informative priors, were used to examine whether the frequency of associated factors differed between those who reported excessive smartphone use and those who did not. Results: The overall response rate was 77% (9143/11,868) among 9th grade pupils and 73.4% (7949/10,832) among 2nd grade pupils, resulting in a total of 17,092 responses. Based on the estimated median absolute percentage differences, along with associated odds ratios, we found that excessive smartphone use was associated with the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and other substances. The reporting of anxiety and worry along with feeling low more than once a week consistently increased the odds of excessive smartphone use among girls, whereas anxiety and worry elevated the odds of excessive smartphone use among boys. The reporting of less than 7 hours of sleep per night was associated with excessive smartphone use in all 4 study groups. Conclusions: The results varied across gender and grade in terms of robustness and the size of estimated difference. However, excessive smartphone use was associated with a higher frequency of multiple suspected associated factors, including ever having tried smoking, alcohol, or other substances; poor sleep; and often feeling low and feeling anxious. This study sheds light on some features and distinctions of a potentially problematic behavior among adolescents. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
smartphone, cell phone, adolescent, sleep, anxiety, substance use, nicotine, alcohol drinking, smartphone use, addiction, behavioral addiction, worry, pathology, internet
in
JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting
volume
4
issue
4
article number
e30889
publisher
JMIR Publications Inc.
external identifiers
  • pmid:34813492
  • scopus:85120338408
ISSN
2561-6722
DOI
10.2196/30889
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
687ebf96-0d6f-4deb-b3b1-b8b99012f451
date added to LUP
2021-12-13 13:33:24
date last changed
2024-08-11 03:20:57
@article{687ebf96-0d6f-4deb-b3b1-b8b99012f451,
  abstract     = {{Background: Excessive smartphone use is a new and debated phenomenon frequently mentioned in the context of behavioral addiction, showing both shared and distinct traits when compared to pathological gaming and gambling. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe excessive smartphone use and associated factors among adolescents, focusing on comparisons between boys and girls. Methods: This study was based on data collected through a large-scale public health survey distributed in 2016 to pupils in the 9th grade of primary school and those in the 2nd grade of secondary school. Bayesian binomial regression models, with weakly informative priors, were used to examine whether the frequency of associated factors differed between those who reported excessive smartphone use and those who did not. Results: The overall response rate was 77% (9143/11,868) among 9th grade pupils and 73.4% (7949/10,832) among 2nd grade pupils, resulting in a total of 17,092 responses. Based on the estimated median absolute percentage differences, along with associated odds ratios, we found that excessive smartphone use was associated with the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and other substances. The reporting of anxiety and worry along with feeling low more than once a week consistently increased the odds of excessive smartphone use among girls, whereas anxiety and worry elevated the odds of excessive smartphone use among boys. The reporting of less than 7 hours of sleep per night was associated with excessive smartphone use in all 4 study groups. Conclusions: The results varied across gender and grade in terms of robustness and the size of estimated difference. However, excessive smartphone use was associated with a higher frequency of multiple suspected associated factors, including ever having tried smoking, alcohol, or other substances; poor sleep; and often feeling low and feeling anxious. This study sheds light on some features and distinctions of a potentially problematic behavior among adolescents.}},
  author       = {{Claesdotter-Knutsson, Emma and André, Frida and Fridh, Maria and Delfin, Carl and Hakansson, Anders and Lindström, Martin}},
  issn         = {{2561-6722}},
  keywords     = {{smartphone; cell phone; adolescent; sleep; anxiety; substance use; nicotine; alcohol drinking; smartphone use; addiction; behavioral addiction; worry; pathology; internet}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{JMIR Publications Inc.}},
  series       = {{JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting}},
  title        = {{Gender-Based Differences and Associated Factors Surrounding Excessive Smartphone Use Among Adolescents: Cross-sectional Study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30889}},
  doi          = {{10.2196/30889}},
  volume       = {{4}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}