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Gendered stereotype content for people with a nonbinary gender identity : [version 1; 1 peer review: 1 approved with reservations]

Klysing, Amanda LU ; Gustafsson Sendén, Marie ; Renström, Emma LU and Lindqvist, Anna LU (2023) In Routledge Open Research 2(45).
Abstract
Background
Gender stereotypes about women and men have a complementary structure, where women and men are seen as high/low in feminine characteristics and low/high in masculine characteristics. These stereotypes are related to representation within social roles, where beliefs about social role occupation influences which characteristics are associated with women or men. It is not known how people with gender identities that do not fit a binary structure are stereotyped. The current study provides a first step towards addressing this gap.

Methods
Swedish participants (N = 152) reported descriptive stereotype content (positive/negative feminine/masculine personality characteristics) and estimations of representation within... (More)
Background
Gender stereotypes about women and men have a complementary structure, where women and men are seen as high/low in feminine characteristics and low/high in masculine characteristics. These stereotypes are related to representation within social roles, where beliefs about social role occupation influences which characteristics are associated with women or men. It is not known how people with gender identities that do not fit a binary structure are stereotyped. The current study provides a first step towards addressing this gap.

Methods
Swedish participants (N = 152) reported descriptive stereotype content (positive/negative feminine/masculine personality characteristics) and estimations of representation within domestic and occupational social roles for people with a nonbinary gender identity for the past, present, and future in a between-groups design. Stereotype content for the past included a higher degree of feminine compared to masculine characteristics, but ratings for the present and future showed no differentiation between femininity and masculinity.

Results
People with a nonbinary gender identity were believed to more frequently occupy feminine compared to masculine social roles for all time points; this was especially pronounced for occupational social roles. The theorised connection between social role occupation and stereotype content did not emerge: degree of positive masculinity and femininity correlated positively with representation in masculine domestic and occupational roles respectively, but positive femininity was negatively correlated with representation in feminine occupational roles.

Conclusions
These results indicate that stereotypes about people with a nonbinary gender identity do not show the same complementary pattern or reliance on social roles as gender stereotypes about women and men, but that there is a feminine bias in perceptions of social role occupation for people with a nonbinary gender identity.
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author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
nonbinary gender, stereotype content, dynamic stereotypes, social roles, Sweden, gender minority groups
in
Routledge Open Research
volume
2
issue
45
publisher
Routledge
ISSN
2755-1245
DOI
10.12688/routledgeopenres.17976.1
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
6e62518d-ffab-4f5b-82f3-39c7d1ea7282
date added to LUP
2023-11-08 09:13:00
date last changed
2024-03-27 14:47:51
@article{6e62518d-ffab-4f5b-82f3-39c7d1ea7282,
  abstract     = {{Background<br/>Gender stereotypes about women and men have a complementary structure, where women and men are seen as high/low in feminine characteristics and low/high in masculine characteristics. These stereotypes are related to representation within social roles, where beliefs about social role occupation influences which characteristics are associated with women or men. It is not known how people with gender identities that do not fit a binary structure are stereotyped. The current study provides a first step towards addressing this gap.<br/><br/>Methods<br/>Swedish participants (N = 152) reported descriptive stereotype content (positive/negative feminine/masculine personality characteristics) and estimations of representation within domestic and occupational social roles for people with a nonbinary gender identity for the past, present, and future in a between-groups design. Stereotype content for the past included a higher degree of feminine compared to masculine characteristics, but ratings for the present and future showed no differentiation between femininity and masculinity.<br/><br/>Results<br/>People with a nonbinary gender identity were believed to more frequently occupy feminine compared to masculine social roles for all time points; this was especially pronounced for occupational social roles. The theorised connection between social role occupation and stereotype content did not emerge: degree of positive masculinity and femininity correlated positively with representation in masculine domestic and occupational roles respectively, but positive femininity was negatively correlated with representation in feminine occupational roles.<br/><br/>Conclusions<br/>These results indicate that stereotypes about people with a nonbinary gender identity do not show the same complementary pattern or reliance on social roles as gender stereotypes about women and men, but that there is a feminine bias in perceptions of social role occupation for people with a nonbinary gender identity.<br/>}},
  author       = {{Klysing, Amanda and Gustafsson Sendén, Marie and Renström, Emma and Lindqvist, Anna}},
  issn         = {{2755-1245}},
  keywords     = {{nonbinary gender; stereotype content; dynamic stereotypes; social roles; Sweden; gender minority groups}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{11}},
  number       = {{45}},
  publisher    = {{Routledge}},
  series       = {{Routledge Open Research}},
  title        = {{Gendered stereotype content for people with a nonbinary gender identity : [version 1; 1 peer review: 1 approved with reservations]}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/routledgeopenres.17976.1}},
  doi          = {{10.12688/routledgeopenres.17976.1}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}