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Sleep and insomnia symptoms in adolescence

Hedin, Gita LU (2022) In Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
Abstract
Insufficient sleep, sleep problems and insomnia are common in adolescents, and insomnia and insufficient sleep are public health concerns that can impact adolescents’ mental and physical health. There are several different treatments for sleep problems and insomnia, and there is a great focus on the problem when it has already arisen. However, since this is a public health problem, it is important to shed light on it at an early stage, and to inform about adolescents’ sleep problems and insomnia symptoms. This, in hope to help the adolescents’, adults in their environment and professionals in school health care.
Aim and methods: The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to contribute with knowledge about possible factors influencing... (More)
Insufficient sleep, sleep problems and insomnia are common in adolescents, and insomnia and insufficient sleep are public health concerns that can impact adolescents’ mental and physical health. There are several different treatments for sleep problems and insomnia, and there is a great focus on the problem when it has already arisen. However, since this is a public health problem, it is important to shed light on it at an early stage, and to inform about adolescents’ sleep problems and insomnia symptoms. This, in hope to help the adolescents’, adults in their environment and professionals in school health care.
Aim and methods: The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to contribute with knowledge about possible factors influencing sleep and insomnia symptoms among adolescents. Paper I investigated adolescents’ experiences regarding what they perceived as facilitators and barriers for a good night´s sleep. This study has a qualitative design, focus groups interviews were performed and analysed with qualitative content analysis. Paper II investigated the associations between insomnia symptoms, academic performance, self-reported health, physical activity, school start time, and substance use in adolescents. This paper was a cross-sectional survey and analysed with descriptive and analytic statistics. Paper III aimed to test the measurement properties of the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) together with an additional item focusing on daytime functioning, Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale-Revised (MISS-R) among adolescents. This study has cross-sectional design and data was analysed with Rash measurement model. Paper IV aimed to investigate whether sleep duration, difficulties waking up, tiredness in school, and family financial situation among school-aged girls and boys (aged 6-10 years) can predict insomnia symptoms among female and male adolescents (aged 14-16 years). This was a longitudinal design and was analysed with descriptive and analytic statistics.
Results: From paper I emerge that the adolescents were aware of the importance of sleep for managing during the day. However, there were both facilitators and barriers for achieving a good night sleep. Three categories were identified: striving for a sense of well-being, tiring yourself out and regulating electronic media. Paper II highlights that insomnia was associated with poor self-reported health, failed school courses, and use of alcohol and/or cigarettes. When the combined effect of self-reported health and physical activity were investigated, a combination of low physical activity and poor self-reported health was strongly associated with insomnia. Paper III showed that both MISS and MISS-R had good measurement properties, regarding targeting, items tended to represent more severe levels of insomnia symptoms than reported by the adolescents. Older adolescents were more likely to score higher than younger adolescents in the items concerning “problems with not being rested by sleep”, and “problems with daytime disturbance”. Paper IV showed different factors in childhood that predicted insomnia symptoms in adolescence. These factors differed between sex. Perceived quite bad/very bad family financial situation, and short sleep duration at baseline was associated with insomnia symptoms among female adolescents. However, problems waking up at baseline was associated with insomnia symptoms among male adolescents.
Conclusions: This thesis shows that the adolescents want to talk about sleep problems and insomnia symptoms with adults in their environment. One instrument that professionals in school health care can have benefit of in the conversation with the adolescents, are MISS-R. MISS-R seem to be a reliable screening instrument for insomnia symptoms among adolescents. The adolescents need support from adults to facilitate a good night sleep.
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Abstract (Swedish)
Vi spenderar en tredjedel av våra liv sovandes och sömn är en avgörande faktor för god hälsa och välbefinnande. Men det är även viktigt att erkänna sömnens komplexitet, eftersom det är flera faktorer som kan påverka sömnen. Både biologiska, kontextuella och psykosociala faktorer har inverkan på ungdomarnas sömn. Otillräcklig sömn, sömnproblem och symptom på insomni är vanligt hos ungdomar. Sömnlöshet och otillräcklig sömn är folkhälsoproblem som kan påverka ungdomarnas fysiska och psykiska hälsa. Det är viktigt att belysa sömnproblem i ett tidigt skede och att sprida kunskap om ungdomars sömn och symptom på insomni. I avhandlingen har faktorer som påverkas vid otillräcklig sömn samt bidragande faktorer för symptom på insomni... (More)
Vi spenderar en tredjedel av våra liv sovandes och sömn är en avgörande faktor för god hälsa och välbefinnande. Men det är även viktigt att erkänna sömnens komplexitet, eftersom det är flera faktorer som kan påverka sömnen. Både biologiska, kontextuella och psykosociala faktorer har inverkan på ungdomarnas sömn. Otillräcklig sömn, sömnproblem och symptom på insomni är vanligt hos ungdomar. Sömnlöshet och otillräcklig sömn är folkhälsoproblem som kan påverka ungdomarnas fysiska och psykiska hälsa. Det är viktigt att belysa sömnproblem i ett tidigt skede och att sprida kunskap om ungdomars sömn och symptom på insomni. I avhandlingen har faktorer som påverkas vid otillräcklig sömn samt bidragande faktorer för symptom på insomni belysts.
För att fånga upp ungdomars sömn och symptom på insomni användes olika metoder i respektive delstudie (I-IV), vilket även är en av styrkorna i denna avhandling. Syftet med delstudie I var att undersöka ungdomarnas upplevelser av möjligheter och hinder för en god natts sömn. Delstudien genomfördes med fokusgruppsintervjuer och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I fokusgrupperna inkluderades skolungdomar i åldern 16–18 år. I delstudie II var syftet att undersöka associationer mellan symptom på insomni, skolprestationer, självskattad hälsa, fysisk aktivitet, skolstarttid och substansanvändning. Skolungdomarna var i åldern 15–17 år. Delstudien var en tvärsnittsstudie och analyserades med deskriptiv och analytisk statistik. I delstudie III var syftet att testa mätegenskaperna hos MISS tillsammans med ytterligare en fråga som fokuserade på dagtidsfunktionen bland ungdomar i åldern 13–17 år. Delstudien var en tvärsnittsstudie och analyserades med Raschanalysmodellen. I delstudie IV var syftet att undersöka om sömnlängd, svårigheter att vakna på morgonen och familjens ekonomiska situation hos skolbarn i åldern 6–10 år kan predicera för symptom på insomni hos flickor och pojkar i åldern 14–16 år. Delstudien var en longitudinell studie och analyserades med deskriptiv och analytisk statistik.
Resultaten visar att ungdomarna själva vill prata om sömn och sömnproblem och det är av stor vikt att skapa utrymme för dessa samtal. Resultaten visar även på att ungdomars sömn är komplext och vårdnadshavare har en viktig betydelse för ungdomarnas sömn. Resultaten från delstudierna (I-IV) visade att symptom på insomni hos ungdomar är vanligt och att insomni är associerat med negativa hälsokonsekvenser. Vidare visar resultaten på att MISS-R är väl lämpad som screeninginstrument gällande symptom på insomni hos ungdomar.
Sammantaget är det viktigt att skapa utrymme för ungdomar att prata om sömn och det är viktigt att i ett tidigt skede arbeta med sömnfrämjande interventioner för att förebygga insomni senare i tonåren. Men, man ska ha i åtanke att det finns utmaningar med att hitta attraktiva lösningar för att arbeta med ungdomars sömn- och sömnproblem. Ett sätt kan var att utöka tid för skolsjuksköterskor, folkhälsopedagoger och andra yrkesverksamma inom skolan. På det stora hela är det viktigt att ta ungdomars sömnproblem på allvar och att skapa ett samhälle som främjar god sömn för alla, för 24-timmarssamhället är här för att stanna och vi måste finna ett sätt att leva i det.
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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • docent Harder, Maria, Mälardalen University, Västerås
organization
alternative title
Sömn och symptom på insomni hos ungdomar
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Adolescents, Insomnia symptoms, Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale, Public Health, Qualitative content analyse, Rasch measurement, Sex, Sleep, Sleep duration
in
Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
issue
2022:81
pages
78 pages
publisher
Lund University, Faculty of Medicine
defense location
Hörsal H01, Health Science Centre, Baravägen 3 i Lund. Join by Zoom: https://lu-se.zoom.us/j/64416039457?pwd=Umo0MVpQc0FCU0N2aGpPam5ocXlyZz09
defense date
2022-06-09 09:00:00
ISSN
1652-8220
ISBN
978-91-8021-242-7
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
6e9aae26-88b2-4972-a645-f9835bd973a5
date added to LUP
2022-05-18 05:43:57
date last changed
2025-04-04 14:14:50
@phdthesis{6e9aae26-88b2-4972-a645-f9835bd973a5,
  abstract     = {{Insufficient sleep, sleep problems and insomnia are common in adolescents, and insomnia and insufficient sleep are public health concerns that can impact adolescents’ mental and physical health. There are several different treatments for sleep problems and insomnia, and there is a great focus on the problem when it has already arisen. However, since this is a public health problem, it is important to shed light on it at an early stage, and to inform about adolescents’ sleep problems and insomnia symptoms. This, in hope to help the adolescents’, adults in their environment and professionals in school health care. <br/>Aim and methods: The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to contribute with knowledge about possible factors influencing sleep and insomnia symptoms among adolescents. Paper I investigated adolescents’ experiences regarding what they perceived as facilitators and barriers for a good night´s sleep. This study has a qualitative design, focus groups interviews were performed and analysed with qualitative content analysis. Paper II investigated the associations between insomnia symptoms, academic performance, self-reported health, physical activity, school start time, and substance use in adolescents. This paper was a cross-sectional survey and analysed with descriptive and analytic statistics. Paper III aimed to test the measurement properties of the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) together with an additional item focusing on daytime functioning, Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale-Revised (MISS-R) among adolescents. This study has cross-sectional design and data was analysed with Rash measurement model. Paper IV aimed to investigate whether sleep duration, difficulties waking up, tiredness in school, and family financial situation among school-aged girls and boys (aged 6-10 years) can predict insomnia symptoms among female and male adolescents (aged 14-16 years). This was a longitudinal design and was analysed with descriptive and analytic statistics.<br/>Results: From paper I emerge that the adolescents were aware of the importance of sleep for managing during the day. However, there were both facilitators and barriers for achieving a good night sleep. Three categories were identified: striving for a sense of well-being, tiring yourself out and regulating electronic media. Paper II highlights that insomnia was associated with poor self-reported health, failed school courses, and use of alcohol and/or cigarettes. When the combined effect of self-reported health and physical activity were investigated, a combination of low physical activity and poor self-reported health was strongly associated with insomnia. Paper III showed that both MISS and MISS-R had good measurement properties, regarding targeting, items tended to represent more severe levels of insomnia symptoms than reported by the adolescents. Older adolescents were more likely to score higher than younger adolescents in the items concerning “problems with not being rested by sleep”, and “problems with daytime disturbance”. Paper IV showed different factors in childhood that predicted insomnia symptoms in adolescence. These factors differed between sex. Perceived quite bad/very bad family financial situation, and short sleep duration at baseline was associated with insomnia symptoms among female adolescents. However, problems waking up at baseline was associated with insomnia symptoms among male adolescents.<br/>Conclusions: This thesis shows that the adolescents want to talk about sleep problems and insomnia symptoms with adults in their environment. One instrument that professionals in school health care can have benefit of in the conversation with the adolescents, are MISS-R. MISS-R seem to be a reliable screening instrument for insomnia symptoms among adolescents. The adolescents need support from adults to facilitate a good night sleep.<br/>}},
  author       = {{Hedin, Gita}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-8021-242-7}},
  issn         = {{1652-8220}},
  keywords     = {{Adolescents, Insomnia symptoms, Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale, Public Health, Qualitative content analyse, Rasch measurement, Sex, Sleep, Sleep duration}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2022:81}},
  publisher    = {{Lund University, Faculty of Medicine}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series}},
  title        = {{Sleep and insomnia symptoms in adolescence}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/118575601/Gita_Hedin_WEBB_6_.pdf}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}