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The unequal exchange of carbon : calculating value appropriation and atmospheric colonisation through carbon offsetting

Rizzi, Andrea and Krause, Torsten LU (2025) In New Political Economy
Abstract

Despite a flurry of critical analyses discussing its controversial track record in terms of effectiveness and social feasibility, carbon offsetting remains one of the key mechanisms within global climate governance. We address an understudied dimension of the offsetting paradigm, with a focus on the voluntary carbon market and nature-based ‘solutions’, to inquire whether carbon trading constitutes a form of unequal ecological and economic exchange. We quantify the global unequal exchange through carbon credits. To ground our hypotheses, we analyse the carbon trading landscape of Colombia and offer a country-specific quantification of value plunder through carbon commodity chains. We find that, only through voluntary carbon markets,... (More)

Despite a flurry of critical analyses discussing its controversial track record in terms of effectiveness and social feasibility, carbon offsetting remains one of the key mechanisms within global climate governance. We address an understudied dimension of the offsetting paradigm, with a focus on the voluntary carbon market and nature-based ‘solutions’, to inquire whether carbon trading constitutes a form of unequal ecological and economic exchange. We quantify the global unequal exchange through carbon credits. To ground our hypotheses, we analyse the carbon trading landscape of Colombia and offer a country-specific quantification of value plunder through carbon commodity chains. We find that, only through voluntary carbon markets, wealthy countries appropriated 4 billion USD in 4 years from the Global South, whereas the value drain from Colombia is estimated at 200 million USD. We also highlight further value leakage through both formal and informal carbon brokers.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
epub
subject
keywords
Colombia, commodity chains, nature-based solutions, unequal exchange, Voluntary carbon markets
in
New Political Economy
publisher
Routledge
external identifiers
  • scopus:105018808596
ISSN
1356-3467
DOI
10.1080/13563467.2025.2572047
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
id
7394e7d0-ad6f-4eb8-b6a6-a32e0924aaa4
date added to LUP
2026-01-22 14:34:01
date last changed
2026-01-22 14:35:05
@article{7394e7d0-ad6f-4eb8-b6a6-a32e0924aaa4,
  abstract     = {{<p>Despite a flurry of critical analyses discussing its controversial track record in terms of effectiveness and social feasibility, carbon offsetting remains one of the key mechanisms within global climate governance. We address an understudied dimension of the offsetting paradigm, with a focus on the voluntary carbon market and nature-based ‘solutions’, to inquire whether carbon trading constitutes a form of unequal ecological and economic exchange. We quantify the global unequal exchange through carbon credits. To ground our hypotheses, we analyse the carbon trading landscape of Colombia and offer a country-specific quantification of value plunder through carbon commodity chains. We find that, only through voluntary carbon markets, wealthy countries appropriated 4 billion USD in 4 years from the Global South, whereas the value drain from Colombia is estimated at 200 million USD. We also highlight further value leakage through both formal and informal carbon brokers.</p>}},
  author       = {{Rizzi, Andrea and Krause, Torsten}},
  issn         = {{1356-3467}},
  keywords     = {{Colombia; commodity chains; nature-based solutions; unequal exchange; Voluntary carbon markets}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Routledge}},
  series       = {{New Political Economy}},
  title        = {{The unequal exchange of carbon : calculating value appropriation and atmospheric colonisation through carbon offsetting}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2025.2572047}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/13563467.2025.2572047}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}