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Effects of renewable fuel and exhaust aftertreatment on primary and secondary emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine

Gren, Louise LU ; Malmborg, Vilhelm B. LU orcid ; Falk, John LU ; Markula, Lassi ; Novakovic, Maja LU ; Shamun, Sam LU ; Eriksson, Axel C. LU orcid ; Kristensen, Thomas B. LU ; Svenningsson, Birgitta LU and Tunér, Martin LU , et al. (2021) In Journal of Aerosol Science 156.
Abstract

Compared to petroleum diesel, renewable diesel fuels and exhaust aftertreatment systems can reduce primary exhaust emissions that are hazardous to human health and the environment. Secondary aerosol emissions which form upon atmospheric processing have, however, been less studied. This study aimed to quantify the impacts of replacing petroleum diesel with renewable fuels (hydrotreated vegetable oil [HVO] and rapeseed methyl ester [RME]) on primary and secondary aerosol emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine at different stages of an exhaust aftertreatment system. Emission characterization was obtained by combining a battery of physical characterization techniques with chemical characterization using aerosol mass spectrometry. At... (More)

Compared to petroleum diesel, renewable diesel fuels and exhaust aftertreatment systems can reduce primary exhaust emissions that are hazardous to human health and the environment. Secondary aerosol emissions which form upon atmospheric processing have, however, been less studied. This study aimed to quantify the impacts of replacing petroleum diesel with renewable fuels (hydrotreated vegetable oil [HVO] and rapeseed methyl ester [RME]) on primary and secondary aerosol emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine at different stages of an exhaust aftertreatment system. Emission characterization was obtained by combining a battery of physical characterization techniques with chemical characterization using aerosol mass spectrometry. At engine-out measurements, RME and HVO reduced primary particulate matter (PM) emissions (for example equivalent black carbon [eBC]) and secondary aerosol production (studied with an oxidation flow reactor [OFR]) by mass compared to petroleum diesel. The diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) reduced primary nucleation mode emissions, reduced the effective density of soot mode emissions, and reduced secondary particle production by mass. The DOC + a diesel particulate filter removed >99% of the particle number and eBC emissions. Volatile PM emissions (for example organic aerosol) were found to be distributed between the nucleation mode and soot mode for both primary and secondary emissions, to a degree that depends on both fuel type and aftertreatment. A high mass concentration of condensable species and a low condensation sink in the soot mode led to increased fractions of condensable species present in the nucleation mode. Aging in the OFR led to increases in particle effective density. Motoring the engine (running without combustion) showed that the nucleation mode originated primarily from lubricating oil, and nonvolatile nanoparticle emissions were identified down to 1.2 nm in particle size. In conclusion, replacing petroleum diesel with HVO and RME changes emission characteristics and can help reduce key aerosol emissions of relevance for adverse health and climate impact, especially for diesel engines with no or limited exhaust aftertreatment.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Aerosol, Biodiesel, Diesel exhaust, Diesel oxidation catalyst, Diesel particulate filter, Renewable diesel, Secondary aerosol formation, RME, HVO
in
Journal of Aerosol Science
volume
156
article number
105781
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • scopus:85102559066
ISSN
0021-8502
DOI
10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105781
project
Partially Premixed Combustion Heavy Duty
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
77615c06-c025-4ba2-b049-1a66a66519da
date added to LUP
2021-03-23 09:01:33
date last changed
2023-11-21 01:20:14
@article{77615c06-c025-4ba2-b049-1a66a66519da,
  abstract     = {{<p>Compared to petroleum diesel, renewable diesel fuels and exhaust aftertreatment systems can reduce primary exhaust emissions that are hazardous to human health and the environment. Secondary aerosol emissions which form upon atmospheric processing have, however, been less studied. This study aimed to quantify the impacts of replacing petroleum diesel with renewable fuels (hydrotreated vegetable oil [HVO] and rapeseed methyl ester [RME]) on primary and secondary aerosol emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine at different stages of an exhaust aftertreatment system. Emission characterization was obtained by combining a battery of physical characterization techniques with chemical characterization using aerosol mass spectrometry. At engine-out measurements, RME and HVO reduced primary particulate matter (PM) emissions (for example equivalent black carbon [eBC]) and secondary aerosol production (studied with an oxidation flow reactor [OFR]) by mass compared to petroleum diesel. The diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) reduced primary nucleation mode emissions, reduced the effective density of soot mode emissions, and reduced secondary particle production by mass. The DOC + a diesel particulate filter removed &gt;99% of the particle number and eBC emissions. Volatile PM emissions (for example organic aerosol) were found to be distributed between the nucleation mode and soot mode for both primary and secondary emissions, to a degree that depends on both fuel type and aftertreatment. A high mass concentration of condensable species and a low condensation sink in the soot mode led to increased fractions of condensable species present in the nucleation mode. Aging in the OFR led to increases in particle effective density. Motoring the engine (running without combustion) showed that the nucleation mode originated primarily from lubricating oil, and nonvolatile nanoparticle emissions were identified down to 1.2 nm in particle size. In conclusion, replacing petroleum diesel with HVO and RME changes emission characteristics and can help reduce key aerosol emissions of relevance for adverse health and climate impact, especially for diesel engines with no or limited exhaust aftertreatment.</p>}},
  author       = {{Gren, Louise and Malmborg, Vilhelm B. and Falk, John and Markula, Lassi and Novakovic, Maja and Shamun, Sam and Eriksson, Axel C. and Kristensen, Thomas B. and Svenningsson, Birgitta and Tunér, Martin and Karjalainen, Panu and Pagels, Joakim}},
  issn         = {{0021-8502}},
  keywords     = {{Aerosol; Biodiesel; Diesel exhaust; Diesel oxidation catalyst; Diesel particulate filter; Renewable diesel; Secondary aerosol formation; RME; HVO}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Journal of Aerosol Science}},
  title        = {{Effects of renewable fuel and exhaust aftertreatment on primary and secondary emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105781}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105781}},
  volume       = {{156}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}