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Temporal Patterns of Glucagon and Its Relationships with Glucose and Insulin following Ingestion of Different Classes of Macronutrients

Göbl, Christian ; Morettini, Micaela ; Salvatori, Benedetta ; Alsalim, Wathik LU ; Kahleova, Hana ; Ahrén, Bo LU and Tura, Andrea (2022) In Nutrients 14(2).
Abstract

Background: glucagon secretion and inhibition should be mainly determined by glucose and insulin levels, but the relative relevance of each factor is not clarified, especially following ingestion of different macronutrients. We aimed to investigate the associations between plasma glucagon, glucose, and insulin after ingestion of single macronutrients or mixed-meal. Methods: thirty-six participants underwent four metabolic tests, based on administration of glucose, protein, fat, or mixed-meal. Glucagon, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured at fasting and for 300 min following food ingestion. We analyzed relationships between time samples of glucagon, glucose, and insulin in each individual, as well as between suprabasal... (More)

Background: glucagon secretion and inhibition should be mainly determined by glucose and insulin levels, but the relative relevance of each factor is not clarified, especially following ingestion of different macronutrients. We aimed to investigate the associations between plasma glucagon, glucose, and insulin after ingestion of single macronutrients or mixed-meal. Methods: thirty-six participants underwent four metabolic tests, based on administration of glucose, protein, fat, or mixed-meal. Glucagon, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured at fasting and for 300 min following food ingestion. We analyzed relationships between time samples of glucagon, glucose, and insulin in each individual, as well as between suprabasal area-under-the-curve of the same variables (∆AUCGLUCA, ∆AUCGLU, ∆AUCINS ) over the whole participants’ cohort. Results: in individuals, time samples of glucagon and glucose were related in only 26 cases (18 direct, 8 inverse relationships), whereas relationship with insulin was more frequent (60 and 5, p < 0.0001). The frequency of significant relationships was different among tests, especially for direct relationships (p ≤ 0.006). In the whole cohort, ∆AUCGLUCA was weakly related to ∆AUCGLU (p ≤ 0.02), but not to ∆AUCINS, though basal insulin secretion emerged as possible covariate. Conclusions: glucose and insulin are not general and exclusive determinants of glucagon secretion/inhibition after mixed-meal or macronutrients ingestion.

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author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Glucagon determinants, Glucagon shape, Glucose, Glucose homeostasis, Individual associations, Lipids, Mathematical modeling, Mixed meal, Nutrients, Proteins
in
Nutrients
volume
14
issue
2
article number
376
publisher
MDPI AG
external identifiers
  • scopus:85122799331
  • pmid:35057557
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu14020376
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
77ba0114-229a-4249-a331-d0d6c1aa2bd6
date added to LUP
2022-03-01 08:21:00
date last changed
2024-09-19 20:02:02
@article{77ba0114-229a-4249-a331-d0d6c1aa2bd6,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: glucagon secretion and inhibition should be mainly determined by glucose and insulin levels, but the relative relevance of each factor is not clarified, especially following ingestion of different macronutrients. We aimed to investigate the associations between plasma glucagon, glucose, and insulin after ingestion of single macronutrients or mixed-meal. Methods: thirty-six participants underwent four metabolic tests, based on administration of glucose, protein, fat, or mixed-meal. Glucagon, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured at fasting and for 300 min following food ingestion. We analyzed relationships between time samples of glucagon, glucose, and insulin in each individual, as well as between suprabasal area-under-the-curve of the same variables (∆AUC<sub>GLUCA</sub>, ∆AUC<sub>GLU</sub>, ∆AUC<sub>INS</sub> ) over the whole participants’ cohort. Results: in individuals, time samples of glucagon and glucose were related in only 26 cases (18 direct, 8 inverse relationships), whereas relationship with insulin was more frequent (60 and 5, p &lt; 0.0001). The frequency of significant relationships was different among tests, especially for direct relationships (p ≤ 0.006). In the whole cohort, ∆AUC<sub>GLUCA</sub> was weakly related to ∆AUC<sub>GLU</sub> (p ≤ 0.02), but not to ∆AUC<sub>INS</sub>, though basal insulin secretion emerged as possible covariate. Conclusions: glucose and insulin are not general and exclusive determinants of glucagon secretion/inhibition after mixed-meal or macronutrients ingestion.</p>}},
  author       = {{Göbl, Christian and Morettini, Micaela and Salvatori, Benedetta and Alsalim, Wathik and Kahleova, Hana and Ahrén, Bo and Tura, Andrea}},
  issn         = {{2072-6643}},
  keywords     = {{Glucagon determinants; Glucagon shape; Glucose; Glucose homeostasis; Individual associations; Lipids; Mathematical modeling; Mixed meal; Nutrients; Proteins}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  series       = {{Nutrients}},
  title        = {{Temporal Patterns of Glucagon and Its Relationships with Glucose and Insulin following Ingestion of Different Classes of Macronutrients}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14020376}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/nu14020376}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}