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Validation of the Spanish Version of the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) and an Exploration of Its Relationship to Meditation and Embodiment Variables

del Carmen Sánchez Sánchez, Laura ; Klysing, Amanda LU ; Steij Stålbrand, Ingela LU orcid and Lundberg, Tove LU orcid (2025) In Healthcare 13(6).
Abstract (Swedish)
Purposes: The Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) has been considered the best available measure of body awareness, but it is not currently available in Spanish. Methods: To address this shortcoming, a sample of 281 Spanish participants completed a survey with a Spanish version of the BAQ, as well as the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2), the Self-Compassion Scale-Short (SCS-S) and the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale-Short (NSSS-S). Results: Analysis of the Spanish BAQ showed good reliability: α = 0.82. Positive correlations with the BAS-2 and the SCS-S, and no significant correlation with the NSSS-S, support the convergent and discriminant validity of the Spanish BAQ. In conceptual validity, the Spanish BAQ further successfully discriminated... (More)
Purposes: The Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) has been considered the best available measure of body awareness, but it is not currently available in Spanish. Methods: To address this shortcoming, a sample of 281 Spanish participants completed a survey with a Spanish version of the BAQ, as well as the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2), the Self-Compassion Scale-Short (SCS-S) and the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale-Short (NSSS-S). Results: Analysis of the Spanish BAQ showed good reliability: α = 0.82. Positive correlations with the BAS-2 and the SCS-S, and no significant correlation with the NSSS-S, support the convergent and discriminant validity of the Spanish BAQ. In conceptual validity, the Spanish BAQ further successfully discriminated between meditators and non-meditators, showing additional support for the conceptual validity of the measure. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor structure, rather than a one-factor or four-factor version, as proposed for the original English version. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the BAQ has shown adequate reliability and validity and would be a good scale to continue exploring in clinical Spanish population samples, e.g., in patients with chronic pain, and non-clinical ones, e.g., after interventions in sexuality or sport. It could be an interesting questionnaire to assess outcomes of mindfulness-based interventions. (Less)
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author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
survey, questionnaires, Interoception, Self-compassion, meditation, body awareness, Body awareness questionnaire, Embodiment
in
Healthcare
volume
13
issue
6
pages
12 pages
publisher
MDPI AG
external identifiers
  • scopus:105001349285
  • pmid:40150478
ISSN
2227-9032
DOI
10.3390/healthcare13060628
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
8abd1bd5-82cc-4f60-a3f8-13e959b93133
date added to LUP
2025-03-14 10:02:04
date last changed
2025-06-14 03:00:11
@article{8abd1bd5-82cc-4f60-a3f8-13e959b93133,
  abstract     = {{Purposes: The Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) has been considered the best available measure of body awareness, but it is not currently available in Spanish. Methods: To address this shortcoming, a sample of 281 Spanish participants completed a survey with a Spanish version of the BAQ, as well as the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2), the Self-Compassion Scale-Short (SCS-S) and the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale-Short (NSSS-S). Results: Analysis of the Spanish BAQ showed good reliability: α = 0.82. Positive correlations with the BAS-2 and the SCS-S, and no significant correlation with the NSSS-S, support the convergent and discriminant validity of the Spanish BAQ. In conceptual validity, the Spanish BAQ further successfully discriminated between meditators and non-meditators, showing additional support for the conceptual validity of the measure. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor structure, rather than a one-factor or four-factor version, as proposed for the original English version. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the BAQ has shown adequate reliability and validity and would be a good scale to continue exploring in clinical Spanish population samples, e.g., in patients with chronic pain, and non-clinical ones, e.g., after interventions in sexuality or sport. It could be an interesting questionnaire to assess outcomes of mindfulness-based interventions.}},
  author       = {{del Carmen Sánchez Sánchez, Laura and Klysing, Amanda and Steij Stålbrand, Ingela and Lundberg, Tove}},
  issn         = {{2227-9032}},
  keywords     = {{survey; questionnaires; Interoception; Self-compassion; meditation; body awareness; Body awareness questionnaire; Embodiment}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{03}},
  number       = {{6}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  series       = {{Healthcare}},
  title        = {{Validation of the Spanish Version of the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) and an Exploration of Its Relationship to Meditation and Embodiment Variables}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13060628}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/healthcare13060628}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}