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Cotinine concentrations in maternal serum and amniotic fluid during pregnancy and risk of testicular germ cell cancer in the offspring : A prospective nested case-control study

Beck, Astrid L ; Uldbjerg, Cecilie S ; Lim, Youn-Hee ; Coull, Brent A ; Sørensen, Karina M ; Utko, Magdalena M ; Wilkowski, Bartlomiej ; Rantakokko, Panu ; Bengtsson, Marie LU orcid and Lindh, Christian LU orcid , et al. (2024) In International Journal of Cancer 154(1). p.71-80
Abstract

Maternal smoking in pregnancy may increase the risk of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) in offspring, but current evidence remains inconclusive. We performed a nested case-control study using cotinine measurements in maternal serum and amniotic fluid as a biomarker for tobacco exposure during pregnancy. A total of 654 males with maternal serum (n = 359, ncases/controls  = 71/288) and/or amniotic fluid (n = 295, ncases/controls  = 66/229) samples were included. Data on TGCC diagnoses and relevant covariates were derived from nationwide Danish health registries. Cotinine was quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An adapted cox regression model estimated the risk of TGCC considering active and inactive tobacco use... (More)

Maternal smoking in pregnancy may increase the risk of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) in offspring, but current evidence remains inconclusive. We performed a nested case-control study using cotinine measurements in maternal serum and amniotic fluid as a biomarker for tobacco exposure during pregnancy. A total of 654 males with maternal serum (n = 359, ncases/controls  = 71/288) and/or amniotic fluid (n = 295, ncases/controls  = 66/229) samples were included. Data on TGCC diagnoses and relevant covariates were derived from nationwide Danish health registries. Cotinine was quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An adapted cox regression model estimated the risk of TGCC considering active and inactive tobacco use defined according to cotinine concentrations of <, ≥15 ng/ml. Overall, the concentrations of cotinine were comparable in maternal serum and amniotic fluid (medianserum/amniotic fluid : 2.1/2.6 ng/ml). A strong statistically significant correlation was detected in 14 paired samples (Spearman rho: 0.85). Based on maternal serum cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC in offspring (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.51; 1.52). Similarly, based on amniotic fluid cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.64; 1.95). However, different risks were observed for seminomas and nonseminomas in both matrices, but none were statistically significant. Our findings did not provide convincing evidence supporting that exposure to tobacco during pregnancy is associated with TGCC.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
International Journal of Cancer
volume
154
issue
1
pages
71 - 80
publisher
John Wiley & Sons Inc.
external identifiers
  • scopus:85168611252
  • pmid:37603038
ISSN
0020-7136
DOI
10.1002/ijc.34688
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
© 2023 UICC.
id
8b68566e-59cd-4935-8c88-d58eea1c3cae
date added to LUP
2023-09-23 14:16:45
date last changed
2024-11-15 23:39:16
@article{8b68566e-59cd-4935-8c88-d58eea1c3cae,
  abstract     = {{<p>Maternal smoking in pregnancy may increase the risk of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) in offspring, but current evidence remains inconclusive. We performed a nested case-control study using cotinine measurements in maternal serum and amniotic fluid as a biomarker for tobacco exposure during pregnancy. A total of 654 males with maternal serum (n = 359, ncases/controls  = 71/288) and/or amniotic fluid (n = 295, ncases/controls  = 66/229) samples were included. Data on TGCC diagnoses and relevant covariates were derived from nationwide Danish health registries. Cotinine was quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An adapted cox regression model estimated the risk of TGCC considering active and inactive tobacco use defined according to cotinine concentrations of &lt;, ≥15 ng/ml. Overall, the concentrations of cotinine were comparable in maternal serum and amniotic fluid (medianserum/amniotic fluid : 2.1/2.6 ng/ml). A strong statistically significant correlation was detected in 14 paired samples (Spearman rho: 0.85). Based on maternal serum cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC in offspring (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.51; 1.52). Similarly, based on amniotic fluid cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.64; 1.95). However, different risks were observed for seminomas and nonseminomas in both matrices, but none were statistically significant. Our findings did not provide convincing evidence supporting that exposure to tobacco during pregnancy is associated with TGCC.</p>}},
  author       = {{Beck, Astrid L and Uldbjerg, Cecilie S and Lim, Youn-Hee and Coull, Brent A and Sørensen, Karina M and Utko, Magdalena M and Wilkowski, Bartlomiej and Rantakokko, Panu and Bengtsson, Marie and Lindh, Christian and Petersen, Jørgen H and Skakkebaek, Niels E and Hauser, Russ and Juul, Anders and Bräuner, Elvira V}},
  issn         = {{0020-7136}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{71--80}},
  publisher    = {{John Wiley & Sons Inc.}},
  series       = {{International Journal of Cancer}},
  title        = {{Cotinine concentrations in maternal serum and amniotic fluid during pregnancy and risk of testicular germ cell cancer in the offspring : A prospective nested case-control study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.34688}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/ijc.34688}},
  volume       = {{154}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}