Numerical Investigation of Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of an Ammonia/Hydrogen/n-Heptane Engine Under RCCI Operating Conditions
(2023) In Flow, Turbulence and Combustion- Abstract
This paper examines the potential of using ammonia (NH 3) as a primary fuel in heavy-duty engines for decarbonization, with some challenges yet to be addressed. It presents a numerical study of a Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition engine, where pilot diesel is used to ignite the premixed ammonia/air mixture. The numerical model and combustion mechanism are validated against engine experimental results using methanol and iso-octane fuels and ignition delay times of ammonia/n-heptane mixtures measured in a rapid compression machine. The findings show that the engine can effectively operate with up to 50% of the total energy supplied by premixed ammonia, albeit with slightly elevated NO emissions compared to a... (More)
This paper examines the potential of using ammonia (NH 3) as a primary fuel in heavy-duty engines for decarbonization, with some challenges yet to be addressed. It presents a numerical study of a Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition engine, where pilot diesel is used to ignite the premixed ammonia/air mixture. The numerical model and combustion mechanism are validated against engine experimental results using methanol and iso-octane fuels and ignition delay times of ammonia/n-heptane mixtures measured in a rapid compression machine. The findings show that the engine can effectively operate with up to 50% of the total energy supplied by premixed ammonia, albeit with slightly elevated NO emissions compared to a diesel-fueled engine. Increasing ammonia further leads to lower combustion efficiency. Hydrogen can be utilized in the ammonia engine to enhance ammonia combustion; however, NO emissions increase further. Ammonia leakage primarily originates from regions near the cold wall, the center of the cylinder, and the crevice. N 2 O mainly forms at the ammonia flame front. Emission of N 2 O is therefore mainly due to flame front quenching near the wall.
(Less)
- author
- Xu, Leilei LU and Bai, Xue Song LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2023
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- in press
- subject
- keywords
- Ammonia, Carbon neutrality, Heavy-duty engine, Nitrogen Oxides, Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI)
- in
- Flow, Turbulence and Combustion
- publisher
- Springer
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85164023690
- ISSN
- 1386-6184
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10494-023-00453-y
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 92b37566-f35e-486a-a641-9f5a59dd17d3
- date added to LUP
- 2023-11-07 14:40:32
- date last changed
- 2023-11-07 14:41:13
@article{92b37566-f35e-486a-a641-9f5a59dd17d3,
abstract = {{<p>This paper examines the potential of using ammonia (NH <sub>3</sub>) as a primary fuel in heavy-duty engines for decarbonization, with some challenges yet to be addressed. It presents a numerical study of a Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition engine, where pilot diesel is used to ignite the premixed ammonia/air mixture. The numerical model and combustion mechanism are validated against engine experimental results using methanol and iso-octane fuels and ignition delay times of ammonia/n-heptane mixtures measured in a rapid compression machine. The findings show that the engine can effectively operate with up to 50% of the total energy supplied by premixed ammonia, albeit with slightly elevated NO emissions compared to a diesel-fueled engine. Increasing ammonia further leads to lower combustion efficiency. Hydrogen can be utilized in the ammonia engine to enhance ammonia combustion; however, NO emissions increase further. Ammonia leakage primarily originates from regions near the cold wall, the center of the cylinder, and the crevice. N <sub>2</sub> O mainly forms at the ammonia flame front. Emission of N <sub>2</sub> O is therefore mainly due to flame front quenching near the wall.</p>}},
author = {{Xu, Leilei and Bai, Xue Song}},
issn = {{1386-6184}},
keywords = {{Ammonia; Carbon neutrality; Heavy-duty engine; Nitrogen Oxides; Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI)}},
language = {{eng}},
publisher = {{Springer}},
series = {{Flow, Turbulence and Combustion}},
title = {{Numerical Investigation of Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of an Ammonia/Hydrogen/n-Heptane Engine Under RCCI Operating Conditions}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10494-023-00453-y}},
doi = {{10.1007/s10494-023-00453-y}},
year = {{2023}},
}