Improving the Risk Assessment of Pesticides through the Integration of Human Biomonitoring and Food Monitoring Data : A Case Study for Chlorpyrifos
(2022) In Toxics 10(6).- Abstract
The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food con-sumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for... (More)
The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food con-sumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for consumers. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos offers an interesting case study, as in the last decade, its acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been reduced several times following risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This process has been linked to significant reductions in the use authorized in the EU, reducing consumers’ exposure progressively, until the final ban in 2020, accompanied by setting all EU maximum residue levels (MRL) in food at the default value of 0.01 mg/kg. We present a comparison of estimates of the consumer’s internal exposure to chlorpyrifos based on the urinary marker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), using two sources of monitoring data: monitoring of the food chain from the EU program and biomonitoring of European citizens from the HB4EU project, supported by a literature search. Both methods confirmed a drastic reduction in exposure levels from 2016 onwards. The margin of exposure approach is then used for conducting retrospective risk assessments at different time points, considering the evolution of our understanding of chlorpyrifos toxicity, as well as of exposure levels in EU consumers following the regulatory decisions. Concerns are presented using a color code, and have been identified for almost all studies, particularly for the highest exposed group, but at different levels, reaching the maximum level, red code, for children in Cyprus and Israel. The assessment uncertainties are highlighted and integrated in the identification of levels of concern.
(Less)
- author
- organization
- publishing date
- 2022-06
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- chlorpyrifos, HBM4EU, human biomonitoring, pesticide exposure, pesticide risk assessment
- in
- Toxics
- volume
- 10
- issue
- 6
- article number
- 313
- publisher
- MDPI AG
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:35736921
- scopus:85132264007
- ISSN
- 2305-6304
- DOI
- 10.3390/toxics10060313
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 937cec50-5ea5-493d-a01d-8830508f63dd
- date added to LUP
- 2022-10-10 13:13:15
- date last changed
- 2024-04-18 07:34:12
@article{937cec50-5ea5-493d-a01d-8830508f63dd, abstract = {{<p>The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food con-sumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for consumers. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos offers an interesting case study, as in the last decade, its acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been reduced several times following risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This process has been linked to significant reductions in the use authorized in the EU, reducing consumers’ exposure progressively, until the final ban in 2020, accompanied by setting all EU maximum residue levels (MRL) in food at the default value of 0.01 mg/kg. We present a comparison of estimates of the consumer’s internal exposure to chlorpyrifos based on the urinary marker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), using two sources of monitoring data: monitoring of the food chain from the EU program and biomonitoring of European citizens from the HB4EU project, supported by a literature search. Both methods confirmed a drastic reduction in exposure levels from 2016 onwards. The margin of exposure approach is then used for conducting retrospective risk assessments at different time points, considering the evolution of our understanding of chlorpyrifos toxicity, as well as of exposure levels in EU consumers following the regulatory decisions. Concerns are presented using a color code, and have been identified for almost all studies, particularly for the highest exposed group, but at different levels, reaching the maximum level, red code, for children in Cyprus and Israel. The assessment uncertainties are highlighted and integrated in the identification of levels of concern.</p>}}, author = {{Tarazona, Jose V. and González-Caballero, Maria Del Carmen and de Alba-Gonzalez, Mercedes and Pedraza-Diaz, Susana and Cañas, Ana and Dominguez-Morueco, Noelia and Esteban-López, Marta and Cattaneo, Irene and Katsonouri, Andromachi and Makris, Konstantinos C. and Halldorsson, Thorhallur I. and Olafsdottir, Kristin and Zock, Jan Paul and Dias, Jonatan and De Decker, Annelies and Morrens, Bert and Berman, Tamar and Barnett-Itzhaki, Zohar and Lindh, Christian and Gilles, Liese and Govarts, Eva and Schoeters, Greet and Weber, Till and Kolossa-Gehring, Marike and Santonen, Tiina and Castaño, Argelia}}, issn = {{2305-6304}}, keywords = {{chlorpyrifos; HBM4EU; human biomonitoring; pesticide exposure; pesticide risk assessment}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{6}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, series = {{Toxics}}, title = {{Improving the Risk Assessment of Pesticides through the Integration of Human Biomonitoring and Food Monitoring Data : A Case Study for Chlorpyrifos}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060313}}, doi = {{10.3390/toxics10060313}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2022}}, }