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Single versus serial measurements of neuron-specific enolase and prediction of poor neurological outcome in persistently unconscious patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest - A TTM-trial substudy

Wiberg, Sebastian ; Hassager, Christian ; Stammet, Pascal ; Winther-Jensen, Matilde ; Thomsen, Jakob Hartvig ; Erlinge, David LU orcid ; Wanscher, Michael ; Nielsen, Niklas LU ; Pellis, Tommaso and Åneman, Anders , et al. (2017) In PLoS ONE 12(1).
Abstract

Background: Prediction of neurological outcome is a crucial part of post cardiac arrest care and prediction in patients remaining unconscious and/or sedated after rewarming from targeted temperature management (TTM) remains difficult. Current guidelines suggest the use of serial measurements of the biomarker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in combination with other predictors of outcome in patients admitted after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study sought to investigate the ability of NSE to predict poor outcome in patients remaining unconscious at day three after OHCA. In addition, this study sought to investigate if serial NSE measurements add incremental prognostic information compared to a single NSE measurement at 48... (More)

Background: Prediction of neurological outcome is a crucial part of post cardiac arrest care and prediction in patients remaining unconscious and/or sedated after rewarming from targeted temperature management (TTM) remains difficult. Current guidelines suggest the use of serial measurements of the biomarker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in combination with other predictors of outcome in patients admitted after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study sought to investigate the ability of NSE to predict poor outcome in patients remaining unconscious at day three after OHCA. In addition, this study sought to investigate if serial NSE measurements add incremental prognostic information compared to a single NSE measurement at 48 hours in this population. Methods: This study is a post-hoc sub-study of the TTM trial, randomizing OHCA patients to a course of TTM at either 33°C or 36°C. Patients were included from sites participating in the TTMPLOS trial biobank sub study. NSE was measured at 24, 48 and 72 hours after ROSC and followup was concluded after 180 days. The primary end point was poor neurological function or death defined by a cerebral performance category score (CPC-score) of 3 to 5. Results: A total of 685 (73%) patients participated in the study. At day three after OHCA 63 (9%) patients had died and 473 (69%) patients were not awake. In these patients, a single NSE measurement at 48 hours predicted poor outcome with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.83. A combination of all three NSE measurements yielded the highest discovered AUC (0.88, p = .0002). Easily applicable combinations of serial NSE measurements did not significantly improve prediction over a single measurement at 48 hours (AUC 0.58-0.84 versus 0.83). Conclusion: NSE is a strong predictor of poor outcome after OHCA in persistently unconscious patients undergoing TTM, and NSE is a promising surrogate marker of outcome in clinical trials. While combinations of serial NSE measurements may provide an increase in overall prognostic information, it is unclear whether actual clinical prognostication with low false-positive rates is improved by application of serial measurements in persistently unconscious patients. The findings of this study should be confirmed in another prospective cohort.

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publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
PLoS ONE
volume
12
issue
1
article number
e0168894
publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
external identifiers
  • scopus:85009961839
  • pmid:28099439
  • wos:000392380100012
ISSN
1932-6203
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0168894
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
9ab3905d-2dd6-419c-961f-05272edabb75
date added to LUP
2017-02-06 10:34:26
date last changed
2024-01-13 13:14:01
@article{9ab3905d-2dd6-419c-961f-05272edabb75,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: Prediction of neurological outcome is a crucial part of post cardiac arrest care and prediction in patients remaining unconscious and/or sedated after rewarming from targeted temperature management (TTM) remains difficult. Current guidelines suggest the use of serial measurements of the biomarker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in combination with other predictors of outcome in patients admitted after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study sought to investigate the ability of NSE to predict poor outcome in patients remaining unconscious at day three after OHCA. In addition, this study sought to investigate if serial NSE measurements add incremental prognostic information compared to a single NSE measurement at 48 hours in this population. Methods: This study is a post-hoc sub-study of the TTM trial, randomizing OHCA patients to a course of TTM at either 33°C or 36°C. Patients were included from sites participating in the TTMPLOS trial biobank sub study. NSE was measured at 24, 48 and 72 hours after ROSC and followup was concluded after 180 days. The primary end point was poor neurological function or death defined by a cerebral performance category score (CPC-score) of 3 to 5. Results: A total of 685 (73%) patients participated in the study. At day three after OHCA 63 (9%) patients had died and 473 (69%) patients were not awake. In these patients, a single NSE measurement at 48 hours predicted poor outcome with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.83. A combination of all three NSE measurements yielded the highest discovered AUC (0.88, p = .0002). Easily applicable combinations of serial NSE measurements did not significantly improve prediction over a single measurement at 48 hours (AUC 0.58-0.84 versus 0.83). Conclusion: NSE is a strong predictor of poor outcome after OHCA in persistently unconscious patients undergoing TTM, and NSE is a promising surrogate marker of outcome in clinical trials. While combinations of serial NSE measurements may provide an increase in overall prognostic information, it is unclear whether actual clinical prognostication with low false-positive rates is improved by application of serial measurements in persistently unconscious patients. The findings of this study should be confirmed in another prospective cohort.</p>}},
  author       = {{Wiberg, Sebastian and Hassager, Christian and Stammet, Pascal and Winther-Jensen, Matilde and Thomsen, Jakob Hartvig and Erlinge, David and Wanscher, Michael and Nielsen, Niklas and Pellis, Tommaso and Åneman, Anders and Friberg, Hans and Hovdenes, Jan and Horn, Janneke and Wetterslev, Jørn and Bro-Jeppesen, John and Wise, Matthew P and Kuiper, Michael and Cronberg, Tobias and Gasche, Yvan and Devaux, Yvan and Kjaergaard, Jesper}},
  issn         = {{1932-6203}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{01}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Public Library of Science (PLoS)}},
  series       = {{PLoS ONE}},
  title        = {{Single versus serial measurements of neuron-specific enolase and prediction of poor neurological outcome in persistently unconscious patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest - A TTM-trial substudy}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168894}},
  doi          = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0168894}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}