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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)

Müller, Timo D. ; Adriaenssens, Alice ; Ahrén, Bo LU ; Blüher, Matthias ; Birkenfeld, Andreas L. ; Campbell, Jonathan E. ; Coghlan, Matthew P. ; D'Alessio, David ; Deacon, Carolyn F. and DelPrato, Stefano , et al. (2025) In Molecular Metabolism 95.
Abstract

Background: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was the first incretin identified and plays an essential role in the maintenance of glucose tolerance in healthy humans. Until recently GIP had not been developed as a therapeutic and thus has been overshadowed by the other incretin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is the basis for several successful drugs to treat diabetes and obesity. However, there has been a rekindling of interest in GIP biology in recent years, in great part due to pharmacology demonstrating that both GIPR agonism and antagonism may be beneficial in treating obesity and diabetes. This apparent paradox has reinvigorated the field, led to new lines of investigation, and deeper understanding of GIP.... (More)

Background: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was the first incretin identified and plays an essential role in the maintenance of glucose tolerance in healthy humans. Until recently GIP had not been developed as a therapeutic and thus has been overshadowed by the other incretin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is the basis for several successful drugs to treat diabetes and obesity. However, there has been a rekindling of interest in GIP biology in recent years, in great part due to pharmacology demonstrating that both GIPR agonism and antagonism may be beneficial in treating obesity and diabetes. This apparent paradox has reinvigorated the field, led to new lines of investigation, and deeper understanding of GIP. Scope of Review: In this review, we provide a detailed overview on the multifaceted nature of GIP biology and discuss the therapeutic implications of GIPR signal modification on various diseases. Major Conclusions: Following its classification as an incretin hormone, GIP has emerged as a pleiotropic hormone with a variety of metabolic effects outside the endocrine pancreas. The numerous beneficial effects of GIPR signal modification render the peptide an interesting candidate for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat obesity, diabetes, drug-induced nausea and both bone and neurodegenerative disorders.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Diabetes, GIP, GLP-1, Incretin, Insulin, Obesity
in
Molecular Metabolism
volume
95
article number
102118
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • pmid:40024571
  • scopus:86000367480
ISSN
2212-8778
DOI
10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102118
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
9c9042ec-24d1-4623-a5cb-3ea5e63989e0
date added to LUP
2025-06-18 12:32:35
date last changed
2025-07-16 15:32:35
@article{9c9042ec-24d1-4623-a5cb-3ea5e63989e0,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was the first incretin identified and plays an essential role in the maintenance of glucose tolerance in healthy humans. Until recently GIP had not been developed as a therapeutic and thus has been overshadowed by the other incretin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is the basis for several successful drugs to treat diabetes and obesity. However, there has been a rekindling of interest in GIP biology in recent years, in great part due to pharmacology demonstrating that both GIPR agonism and antagonism may be beneficial in treating obesity and diabetes. This apparent paradox has reinvigorated the field, led to new lines of investigation, and deeper understanding of GIP. Scope of Review: In this review, we provide a detailed overview on the multifaceted nature of GIP biology and discuss the therapeutic implications of GIPR signal modification on various diseases. Major Conclusions: Following its classification as an incretin hormone, GIP has emerged as a pleiotropic hormone with a variety of metabolic effects outside the endocrine pancreas. The numerous beneficial effects of GIPR signal modification render the peptide an interesting candidate for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat obesity, diabetes, drug-induced nausea and both bone and neurodegenerative disorders.</p>}},
  author       = {{Müller, Timo D. and Adriaenssens, Alice and Ahrén, Bo and Blüher, Matthias and Birkenfeld, Andreas L. and Campbell, Jonathan E. and Coghlan, Matthew P. and D'Alessio, David and Deacon, Carolyn F. and DelPrato, Stefano and Douros, Jonathan D. and Drucker, Daniel J. and Figueredo Burgos, Natalie S. and Flatt, Peter R. and Finan, Brian and Gimeno, Ruth E. and Gribble, Fiona M. and Hayes, Matthew R. and Hölscher, Christian and Holst, Jens J. and Knerr, Patrick J. and Knop, Filip K. and Kusminski, Christine M. and Liskiewicz, Arkadiusz and Mabilleau, Guillaume and Mowery, Stephanie A. and Nauck, Michael A. and Novikoff, Aaron and Reimann, Frank and Roberts, Anna G. and Rosenkilde, Mette M. and Samms, Ricardo J. and Scherer, Philip E. and Seeley, Randy J. and Sloop, Kyle W. and Wolfrum, Christian and Wootten, Denise and DiMarchi, Richard D. and Tschöp, Matthias H.}},
  issn         = {{2212-8778}},
  keywords     = {{Diabetes; GIP; GLP-1; Incretin; Insulin; Obesity}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Molecular Metabolism}},
  title        = {{Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102118}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102118}},
  volume       = {{95}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}