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Absence of Islet Autoantibodies and Modestly Raised Glucose Values at Diabetes Diagnosis Should Lead to Testing for MODY : Lessons From a 5-Year Pediatric Swedish National Cohort Study

Carlsson, Annelie LU orcid ; Shepherd, Maggie ; Ellard, Sian ; Weedon, Michael ; Lernmark, Åke LU orcid ; Forsander, Gun ; Colclough, Kevin ; Brahimi, Qefsere LU ; Valtonen-Andre, Camilla LU and Ivarsson, Sten A LU , et al. (2020) In Diabetes Care 43(1). p.82-89
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Identifying maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in pediatric populations close to diabetes diagnosis is difficult. Misdiagnosis and unnecessary insulin treatment are common. We aimed to identify the discriminatory clinical features at diabetes diagnosis of patients with glucokinase (GCK), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1A (HNF1A), and HNF4A MODY in the pediatric population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Swedish patients (n = 3,933) aged 1-18 years, diagnosed with diabetes May 2005 to December 2010 were recruited from the national consecutive prospective cohort Better Diabetes Diagnosis. Clinical data, islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody, insulinoma antigen-2A, zinc transporter 8A, and IAA), HLA type, and C-peptide were... (More)

OBJECTIVE: Identifying maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in pediatric populations close to diabetes diagnosis is difficult. Misdiagnosis and unnecessary insulin treatment are common. We aimed to identify the discriminatory clinical features at diabetes diagnosis of patients with glucokinase (GCK), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1A (HNF1A), and HNF4A MODY in the pediatric population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Swedish patients (n = 3,933) aged 1-18 years, diagnosed with diabetes May 2005 to December 2010 were recruited from the national consecutive prospective cohort Better Diabetes Diagnosis. Clinical data, islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody, insulinoma antigen-2A, zinc transporter 8A, and IAA), HLA type, and C-peptide were collected at diagnosis. MODY was identified by sequencing GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4A, either through routine clinical or research testing.

RESULTS: The minimal prevalence of MODY was 1.2%. Discriminatory factors for MODY at diagnosis included four islet autoantibody negativity (100 vs. 11% not-known MODY; P = 2 × 10-44), HbA1c (7.0 vs. 10.7% [53 vs. 93 mmol/mol]; P = 1 × 10-20), plasma glucose (11.7 vs. 26.7 mmol/L; P = 3 × 10-19), parental diabetes (63 vs. 12%; P = 1 × 10-15), and diabetic ketoacidosis (0 vs. 15%; P = 0.001). Testing 303 autoantibody-negative patients identified 46 patients with MODY (detection rate 15%). Limiting testing to the 73 islet autoantibody-negative patients with HbA1c <7.5% (58 mmol/mol) at diagnosis identified 36 out of 46 (78%) patients with MODY (detection rate 49%). On follow-up, the 46 patients with MODY had excellent glycemic control, with an HbA1c of 6.4% (47 mmol/mol), with 42 out of 46 (91%) patients not on insulin treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: At diagnosis of pediatric diabetes, absence of all islet autoantibodies and modest hyperglycemia (HbA1c <7.5% [58 mmol/mol]) should result in testing for GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4A MODY. Testing all 12% patients negative for four islet autoantibodies is an effective strategy for not missing MODY but will result in a lower detection rate. Identifying MODY results in excellent long-term glycemic control without insulin.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Diabetes Care
volume
43
issue
1
pages
82 - 89
publisher
American Diabetes Association
external identifiers
  • pmid:31704690
  • scopus:85077016348
ISSN
1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/dc19-0747
project
Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD)
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
© 2019 by the American Diabetes Association.
id
ba4b8ea8-1e7f-4ca8-a711-714dbb3afb7a
date added to LUP
2019-12-13 00:53:25
date last changed
2024-07-10 07:04:47
@article{ba4b8ea8-1e7f-4ca8-a711-714dbb3afb7a,
  abstract     = {{<p>OBJECTIVE: Identifying maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in pediatric populations close to diabetes diagnosis is difficult. Misdiagnosis and unnecessary insulin treatment are common. We aimed to identify the discriminatory clinical features at diabetes diagnosis of patients with glucokinase (GCK), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1A (HNF1A), and HNF4A MODY in the pediatric population.</p><p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Swedish patients (n = 3,933) aged 1-18 years, diagnosed with diabetes May 2005 to December 2010 were recruited from the national consecutive prospective cohort Better Diabetes Diagnosis. Clinical data, islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody, insulinoma antigen-2A, zinc transporter 8A, and IAA), HLA type, and C-peptide were collected at diagnosis. MODY was identified by sequencing GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4A, either through routine clinical or research testing.</p><p>RESULTS: The minimal prevalence of MODY was 1.2%. Discriminatory factors for MODY at diagnosis included four islet autoantibody negativity (100 vs. 11% not-known MODY; P = 2 × 10-44), HbA1c (7.0 vs. 10.7% [53 vs. 93 mmol/mol]; P = 1 × 10-20), plasma glucose (11.7 vs. 26.7 mmol/L; P = 3 × 10-19), parental diabetes (63 vs. 12%; P = 1 × 10-15), and diabetic ketoacidosis (0 vs. 15%; P = 0.001). Testing 303 autoantibody-negative patients identified 46 patients with MODY (detection rate 15%). Limiting testing to the 73 islet autoantibody-negative patients with HbA1c &lt;7.5% (58 mmol/mol) at diagnosis identified 36 out of 46 (78%) patients with MODY (detection rate 49%). On follow-up, the 46 patients with MODY had excellent glycemic control, with an HbA1c of 6.4% (47 mmol/mol), with 42 out of 46 (91%) patients not on insulin treatment.</p><p>CONCLUSIONS: At diagnosis of pediatric diabetes, absence of all islet autoantibodies and modest hyperglycemia (HbA1c &lt;7.5% [58 mmol/mol]) should result in testing for GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4A MODY. Testing all 12% patients negative for four islet autoantibodies is an effective strategy for not missing MODY but will result in a lower detection rate. Identifying MODY results in excellent long-term glycemic control without insulin.</p>}},
  author       = {{Carlsson, Annelie and Shepherd, Maggie and Ellard, Sian and Weedon, Michael and Lernmark, Åke and Forsander, Gun and Colclough, Kevin and Brahimi, Qefsere and Valtonen-Andre, Camilla and Ivarsson, Sten A and Elding Larsson, Helena and Samuelsson, Ulf and Örtqvist, Eva and Groop, Leif and Ludvigsson, Johnny and Marcus, Claude and Hattersley, Andrew T}},
  issn         = {{1935-5548}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{82--89}},
  publisher    = {{American Diabetes Association}},
  series       = {{Diabetes Care}},
  title        = {{Absence of Islet Autoantibodies and Modestly Raised Glucose Values at Diabetes Diagnosis Should Lead to Testing for MODY : Lessons From a 5-Year Pediatric Swedish National Cohort Study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0747}},
  doi          = {{10.2337/dc19-0747}},
  volume       = {{43}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}