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Developing measures of beginner language proficiency in French, German, and Spanish in the Swedish school context

Ågren, Malin LU ; Bardel, Camilla LU and Sayehli, Susan LU (2025) In Language learning journal
Abstract

In both second language acquisition research and teaching, there is a need for practical, reliable and valid proficiency tests to be used with learners of various target languages and at different proficiency levels. In the present study, a written proficiency test based on the C-test methodology was developed and tested on 144 Swedish 15-year-olds studying French, German, and Spanish in lower secondary school. The test was tailored to the low proficiency level of the learners and used across target languages. It was followed by a test-taker feedback questionnaire evaluating participants’ perception of the test’s comprehensibility, administration and results. Two different scoring methods were used to evaluate differences in test... (More)

In both second language acquisition research and teaching, there is a need for practical, reliable and valid proficiency tests to be used with learners of various target languages and at different proficiency levels. In the present study, a written proficiency test based on the C-test methodology was developed and tested on 144 Swedish 15-year-olds studying French, German, and Spanish in lower secondary school. The test was tailored to the low proficiency level of the learners and used across target languages. It was followed by a test-taker feedback questionnaire evaluating participants’ perception of the test’s comprehensibility, administration and results. Two different scoring methods were used to evaluate differences in test results within and across language groups; one based on a traditional correct/incorrect scoring, the other involving a nuanced error-type scoring. Our findings indicate that the test format suited the participants’ low proficiency level and was sensitive to the wide variation of beginner language proficiency. In addition, both differences and similarities in test results across language groups were observed in the data, depending on scoring method. Results demonstrate that scoring methods crucially shape how proficiency is interpreted, especially when comparing languages with different linguistic features.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
epub
subject
keywords
beginner learners, proficiency assessment, school context, second language learning, Second language proficiency
in
Language learning journal
publisher
Taylor & Francis
external identifiers
  • scopus:105018033165
ISSN
0957-1736
DOI
10.1080/09571736.2025.2564704
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
bab4ebb3-e367-4458-8300-8e1b4a0ebe5a
date added to LUP
2025-12-03 15:21:30
date last changed
2025-12-03 15:22:20
@article{bab4ebb3-e367-4458-8300-8e1b4a0ebe5a,
  abstract     = {{<p>In both second language acquisition research and teaching, there is a need for practical, reliable and valid proficiency tests to be used with learners of various target languages and at different proficiency levels. In the present study, a written proficiency test based on the C-test methodology was developed and tested on 144 Swedish 15-year-olds studying French, German, and Spanish in lower secondary school. The test was tailored to the low proficiency level of the learners and used across target languages. It was followed by a test-taker feedback questionnaire evaluating participants’ perception of the test’s comprehensibility, administration and results. Two different scoring methods were used to evaluate differences in test results within and across language groups; one based on a traditional correct/incorrect scoring, the other involving a nuanced error-type scoring. Our findings indicate that the test format suited the participants’ low proficiency level and was sensitive to the wide variation of beginner language proficiency. In addition, both differences and similarities in test results across language groups were observed in the data, depending on scoring method. Results demonstrate that scoring methods crucially shape how proficiency is interpreted, especially when comparing languages with different linguistic features.</p>}},
  author       = {{Ågren, Malin and Bardel, Camilla and Sayehli, Susan}},
  issn         = {{0957-1736}},
  keywords     = {{beginner learners; proficiency assessment; school context; second language learning; Second language proficiency}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Taylor & Francis}},
  series       = {{Language learning journal}},
  title        = {{Developing measures of beginner language proficiency in French, German, and Spanish in the Swedish school context}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2025.2564704}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/09571736.2025.2564704}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}