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Rekonstruktion av paleomiljön för området kring den Mesolitiska stenåldersboplatsen vid Sammakko, Norrbotten

Möller, Per LU orcid ; Nielsen, Anne Birgitte LU orcid and Björck, Svante LU (2022) In Lundqua Report
Abstract
A large number of quartz fragments from knapping and
burnt bone, discovered during reconnaissance (Norrbottens
Museum) of forest-cleared areas north of the village
Sammakko, c. 40 km SE of Gällivare, have been interpreted
to indicate a short-term used dwelling site. Th e
site, located c. 100 meters north of the Linaälven River
and at the edge of an almost overgrown pond, underwent
archaeological preliminary investigation in the summer
of 2019. Collected material of burnt bone and charcoal
shows that the settlement was used c. 8800 - 8900 years
ago by Mesolithic hunters. Th e present report includes
a landscape analysis and vegetation reconstruction, the
latter carried out through pollen... (More)
A large number of quartz fragments from knapping and
burnt bone, discovered during reconnaissance (Norrbottens
Museum) of forest-cleared areas north of the village
Sammakko, c. 40 km SE of Gällivare, have been interpreted
to indicate a short-term used dwelling site. Th e
site, located c. 100 meters north of the Linaälven River
and at the edge of an almost overgrown pond, underwent
archaeological preliminary investigation in the summer
of 2019. Collected material of burnt bone and charcoal
shows that the settlement was used c. 8800 - 8900 years
ago by Mesolithic hunters. Th e present report includes
a landscape analysis and vegetation reconstruction, the
latter carried out through pollen analysis of sedimentary
layers from two nearby lake basins, of the area into which
these early Holocene hunters migrated. Th e settlement is
located in a so-called Veikimorain area, a landscape with
high and broad plateaus with depressions in between.
Th is landscape was formed during the fi nal phase of a
previous glaciation, a landscape morphology that was
only very slightly aff ected by the most recent glaciation
Dating of the lowest sediment layers in the lake basins
(silt, clay) shows that current lake basins became completely
ice-free c. 9200 years ago while surrounding higher-
situated areas became ice-free at least 600 years earlier
- stagnant ice residues lingered in the terrain lows while
the gradually ice-free landscape in higher locations was
occupied by a vegetation of the Arctic heathland type.
When the hunter-gatherer settlement at Sammakko was
utilized, the landscape had been completely ice-free for
c. 300–400 years and it constituted an inland settlement
at c. 20 km distance from the coastline of the Littorina
Sea further east. From the pollen analyzes we can see that
even a little earlier the vegetation had changed from arctic
heath to an open birch forest (Betula) with elements of
pine (Pinus) and in more humid locations there was alder
(Alnus). Dwarf shrubs, including dwarf birch (Betula
nana), willow (Salix) and juniper (Juniperus) were common
and so were various herbs, grasses and sedges in the
semi-open fi elds. Only after c. 8500 BP does the forest
become a more closed birch-pine forest. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
En större mängd kvartsavslag och brända ben, upptäckta vid rekognosering (Norrbottens Museum) av hyggesberedda ytor norr om byn Sammakko, c. 40 km SO Gällivare, har tolkats att indikera ett kortvarigt använt boplatsområde. Platsen, liggande c. 100 meter norr Linaälven och i kanten av en nästan igenväxt göl, genomgick arkeologisk förundersökning sommaren 2019. Insamlat material av brända ben och träkol visar att boplatsen utnyttjades för c. 8800 – 8900 år sedan av Mesolitiska jägare. Föreliggande rapport omfattar en landskaps-analys och vegetationsrekonstruktion, den senare utförd genom pollenanalys av sedimentlagerföljder från två närliggande sjöbassänger, av den miljö som dessa tidig-Holocena jägare vandrade in i. Boplatsen är belägen... (More)
En större mängd kvartsavslag och brända ben, upptäckta vid rekognosering (Norrbottens Museum) av hyggesberedda ytor norr om byn Sammakko, c. 40 km SO Gällivare, har tolkats att indikera ett kortvarigt använt boplatsområde. Platsen, liggande c. 100 meter norr Linaälven och i kanten av en nästan igenväxt göl, genomgick arkeologisk förundersökning sommaren 2019. Insamlat material av brända ben och träkol visar att boplatsen utnyttjades för c. 8800 – 8900 år sedan av Mesolitiska jägare. Föreliggande rapport omfattar en landskaps-analys och vegetationsrekonstruktion, den senare utförd genom pollenanalys av sedimentlagerföljder från två närliggande sjöbassänger, av den miljö som dessa tidig-Holocena jägare vandrade in i. Boplatsen är belägen i ett så kallat Veikimoränområde, bestående av ett undulerande landskap av höga och breda moränplatåer och mellanliggande sänkor. Detta landskap bildades under slutfasen av en föregående glaciation som till mycket liten del påverkats till sin morfologi av den senaste nedisningen. Datering av de nedersta sedimentlagren i sjöbassängerna (silt, lera) visar att nuvarande sjöbassänger blev helt isfria för c. 9200 år sedan, medan omkringliggande höjdpartier blev isfria minst 600 år tidigare – stagnerade isrester dröjde sig kvar i terrängens lågpunkter medan det successivt isbefriade landskapet i högre lägen intogs av en vegetation av typen arktiskt hedlandskap. När jägarboplatsen vid Sammakko utnyttjades hade landskapet varit helt isfritt i c. 300–400 år och utgjorde en inlandsboplats på c. 20 km avstånd från Littorinahavets kustlinje längre mot öster. Från pollenanalyserna kan vi se att redan något tidigare hade vegetationen förändrats från arktisk hed till en öppen björkskog (Betula) med inslag av tall (Pinus) och i fuktigare lägen även al (Alnus). Dvärgbuskar, inkluderande dvärgbjörk (Betula nana), vide (Salix) och en (Juniperus) var vanligt förekommande och så även olika örter, gräs och halvgräs i de semi-öppna markerna. Först efter c. 8500 BP tätnar skogen till en mer sluten björk-tallskog. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Book/Report
publication status
published
subject
keywords
mesolitisk boplats, paleomiljötrekonstruktion, vegetationsrekonstruktion, Veikimorän, Norrbotten
in
Lundqua Report
issue
43
pages
18 pages
publisher
Department of Geology, Lund University
report number
Lundqua Report
ISSN
0281-3076
ISBN
978-91-87847-60-8
project
Rekonstruktion av paleomiljön för området kring den Mesolitiska stenåldersboplatsen vid Sammakko, Norrbotten
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
id
c6d9b1df-7835-464d-bd10-b1981e7439f8
date added to LUP
2022-03-23 16:10:56
date last changed
2022-06-14 14:37:29
@techreport{c6d9b1df-7835-464d-bd10-b1981e7439f8,
  abstract     = {{A large number of quartz fragments from knapping and<br/>burnt bone, discovered during reconnaissance (Norrbottens<br/>Museum) of forest-cleared areas north of the village<br/>Sammakko, c. 40 km SE of Gällivare, have been interpreted<br/>to indicate a short-term used dwelling site. Th e<br/>site, located c. 100 meters north of the Linaälven River<br/>and at the edge of an almost overgrown pond, underwent<br/>archaeological preliminary investigation in the summer<br/>of 2019. Collected material of burnt bone and charcoal<br/>shows that the settlement was used c. 8800 - 8900 years<br/>ago by Mesolithic hunters. Th e present report includes<br/>a landscape analysis and vegetation reconstruction, the<br/>latter carried out through pollen analysis of sedimentary<br/>layers from two nearby lake basins, of the area into which<br/>these early Holocene hunters migrated. Th e settlement is<br/>located in a so-called Veikimorain area, a landscape with<br/>high and broad plateaus with depressions in between.<br/>Th is landscape was formed during the fi nal phase of a<br/>previous glaciation, a landscape morphology that was<br/>only very slightly aff ected by the most recent glaciation<br/>Dating of the lowest sediment layers in the lake basins<br/>(silt, clay) shows that current lake basins became completely<br/>ice-free c. 9200 years ago while surrounding higher-<br/>situated areas became ice-free at least 600 years earlier<br/>- stagnant ice residues lingered in the terrain lows while<br/>the gradually ice-free landscape in higher locations was<br/>occupied by a vegetation of the Arctic heathland type.<br/>When the hunter-gatherer settlement at Sammakko was<br/>utilized, the landscape had been completely ice-free for<br/>c. 300–400 years and it constituted an inland settlement<br/>at c. 20 km distance from the coastline of the Littorina<br/>Sea further east. From the pollen analyzes we can see that<br/>even a little earlier the vegetation had changed from arctic<br/>heath to an open birch forest (Betula) with elements of<br/>pine (Pinus) and in more humid locations there was alder<br/>(Alnus). Dwarf shrubs, including dwarf birch (Betula<br/>nana), willow (Salix) and juniper (Juniperus) were common<br/>and so were various herbs, grasses and sedges in the<br/>semi-open fi elds. Only after c. 8500 BP does the forest<br/>become a more closed birch-pine forest.}},
  author       = {{Möller, Per and Nielsen, Anne Birgitte and Björck, Svante}},
  institution  = {{Department of Geology, Lund University}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-87847-60-8}},
  issn         = {{0281-3076}},
  keywords     = {{mesolitisk boplats, paleomiljötrekonstruktion, vegetationsrekonstruktion, Veikimorän, Norrbotten}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  month        = {{03}},
  number       = {{Lundqua Report}},
  series       = {{Lundqua Report}},
  title        = {{Rekonstruktion av paleomiljön för området kring den Mesolitiska stenåldersboplatsen vid Sammakko, Norrbotten}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/115935108/LUNDQUA_Report_43.pdf}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}