Social inequalities in health- do they diminish with age? Revisiting the question in Sweden 1999.
(2003) In International Journal for Equity in Health 2(1). p.2-2- Abstract
- BACKGROUND: Individuals with low income have poorer health and should, therefore, have higher health expenditure than people with high income particularly in countries with a universal health care system. However, it has been discussed if social inequities in health diminish with age and we, hence, aimed to analyse this question. METHODS: We performed an age stratified cross-sectional analysis using averages, logistic and linear regression modelling of health care contacts, health care expenditures and mortality in relation to individual income in five groups by quintiles. The population consisted of all the 249,855 men aged 40 to 80 years living in the county of Skane, Sweden during 1999. RESULTS: For working-age people (40-59 year old)... (More)
- BACKGROUND: Individuals with low income have poorer health and should, therefore, have higher health expenditure than people with high income particularly in countries with a universal health care system. However, it has been discussed if social inequities in health diminish with age and we, hence, aimed to analyse this question. METHODS: We performed an age stratified cross-sectional analysis using averages, logistic and linear regression modelling of health care contacts, health care expenditures and mortality in relation to individual income in five groups by quintiles. The population consisted of all the 249,855 men aged 40 to 80 years living in the county of Skane, Sweden during 1999. RESULTS: For working-age people (40-59 year old) we find a clear socioeconomic gradient with increasing probability of health care contact, relative expenditure and mortality as income decreased. The point estimations for 1st (highest)-2nd-3rd-4th and 5th (lowest) income groups were: (1.00-1.13-1.21-1.42 and 1.15), (1.00-1.16-1.29-1.69 and 1.89) and (1.00-1.35-1.44-2.82 and 4.12) for health care contact, relative expenditure and mortality respectively. However, in the elderly (75-80 year old) these point estimates were (1.00-0.83-0.59-0.61 and 0.39), (1.00-1.04-1.05-1.02 and 0.96) and (1.00-1.06-1.30-1.33 and 1.49). CONCLUSIONS: As expected among working-age individuals, lower income was associated with higher health care contact, relative expenditure and mortality. However, the existence of opposite socioeconomic gradients in health care utilisation and mortality in the elderly suggests that factors related to a high income might condition allocation of resources, or that current medical care is ineffective to treat determinants of income differences in mortality occurring earlier in the lifecourse. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/113489
- author
- Merlo, Juan LU ; Gerdtham, Ulf LU ; Lynch, John ; Beckman, Anders LU ; Norlund, Anders and Lithman, Thor
- organization
- publishing date
- 2003
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- International Journal for Equity in Health
- volume
- 2
- issue
- 1
- pages
- 2 - 2
- publisher
- BioMed Central (BMC)
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:3042526319
- ISSN
- 1475-9276
- DOI
- 10.1186/1475-9276-2-2
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- e3ba7eb4-a95f-436f-9671-28ba572dcb7d (old id 113489)
- alternative location
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12685938&dopt=Abstract
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 15:33:45
- date last changed
- 2022-03-07 00:14:15
@article{e3ba7eb4-a95f-436f-9671-28ba572dcb7d, abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Individuals with low income have poorer health and should, therefore, have higher health expenditure than people with high income particularly in countries with a universal health care system. However, it has been discussed if social inequities in health diminish with age and we, hence, aimed to analyse this question. METHODS: We performed an age stratified cross-sectional analysis using averages, logistic and linear regression modelling of health care contacts, health care expenditures and mortality in relation to individual income in five groups by quintiles. The population consisted of all the 249,855 men aged 40 to 80 years living in the county of Skane, Sweden during 1999. RESULTS: For working-age people (40-59 year old) we find a clear socioeconomic gradient with increasing probability of health care contact, relative expenditure and mortality as income decreased. The point estimations for 1st (highest)-2nd-3rd-4th and 5th (lowest) income groups were: (1.00-1.13-1.21-1.42 and 1.15), (1.00-1.16-1.29-1.69 and 1.89) and (1.00-1.35-1.44-2.82 and 4.12) for health care contact, relative expenditure and mortality respectively. However, in the elderly (75-80 year old) these point estimates were (1.00-0.83-0.59-0.61 and 0.39), (1.00-1.04-1.05-1.02 and 0.96) and (1.00-1.06-1.30-1.33 and 1.49). CONCLUSIONS: As expected among working-age individuals, lower income was associated with higher health care contact, relative expenditure and mortality. However, the existence of opposite socioeconomic gradients in health care utilisation and mortality in the elderly suggests that factors related to a high income might condition allocation of resources, or that current medical care is ineffective to treat determinants of income differences in mortality occurring earlier in the lifecourse.}}, author = {{Merlo, Juan and Gerdtham, Ulf and Lynch, John and Beckman, Anders and Norlund, Anders and Lithman, Thor}}, issn = {{1475-9276}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{2--2}}, publisher = {{BioMed Central (BMC)}}, series = {{International Journal for Equity in Health}}, title = {{Social inequalities in health- do they diminish with age? Revisiting the question in Sweden 1999.}}, url = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/4421005/623749.pdf}}, doi = {{10.1186/1475-9276-2-2}}, volume = {{2}}, year = {{2003}}, }