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Pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos air concentrations and pregnant women's urinary metabolites in the Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA), Costa Rica

Giffin, Andrew ; Hoppin, Jane A. ; Córdoba, Leonel ; Solano-Díaz, Karla ; Ruepert, Clemens ; Peñaloza-Castañeda, Jorge ; Lindh, Christian LU orcid ; Reich, Brian J. and van Wendel de Joode, Berna (2022) In Environment International 166.
Abstract

Background: Only few studies have compared environmental pesticide air concentrations with specific urinary metabolites to evaluate pathways of exposure. Therefore, we compared pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos concentrations in air with urinary 4-hydroxypyrimethanil (OHP, metabolite of pyrimethanil) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) among pregnant women from the Infant's Environmental Health Study (ISA) in Matina County, Costa Rica. Methods: During pregnancy, we obtained repeat urinary samples from 448 women enrolled in the ISA study. We extrapolated pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos concentrations measured with passive air samplers (PAS) (n = 48, from 12 schools), across space and time using a Bayesian... (More)

Background: Only few studies have compared environmental pesticide air concentrations with specific urinary metabolites to evaluate pathways of exposure. Therefore, we compared pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos concentrations in air with urinary 4-hydroxypyrimethanil (OHP, metabolite of pyrimethanil) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) among pregnant women from the Infant's Environmental Health Study (ISA) in Matina County, Costa Rica. Methods: During pregnancy, we obtained repeat urinary samples from 448 women enrolled in the ISA study. We extrapolated pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos concentrations measured with passive air samplers (PAS) (n = 48, from 12 schools), across space and time using a Bayesian spatiotemporal model. We subsequently compared these concentrations with urinary OHP and TCPy in 915 samples from 448 women, using separate mixed models and considering several covariables. Results: A 10% increase in air pyrimethanil (ng/m3) was associated with a 5.7% (95% confidence interval (CI 4.6, 6.8) increase in OHP (μg/L). Women living further from banana plantations had lower OHP: −0.7% (95% CI −1.2, −0.3) for each 10% increase in distance (meters) as well as women who ate rice and beans ≥15 times a week −23% (95% CI −38, −4). In addition, each 1 ng/m3 increase in chlorpyrifos in air was associated with a 1.5% (95% CI 0.2, 2.8) increase in TCPy (μg/L), and women working in agriculture tended to have increased TCPy (21%, 95% CI −2, 49). Conclusion: The Bayesian spatiotemporal models were useful to estimate pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos air concentrations across space and time. Our results suggest inhalation of pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos is a pathway of environmental exposure. PAS seems a useful technique to monitor environmental current-use pesticide exposures. For future studies, we recommend increasing the number of locations of environmental air measurements, obtaining all air and urine measurements during the same month, and, ideally, including dermal exposure estimates as well.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Airborne pesticide exposure, Environmental exposure, Fungicides, Insecticides, Pesticides, Spatiotemporal model, Urinary pesticide metabolites
in
Environment International
volume
166
article number
107328
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • pmid:35728412
  • scopus:85132732595
ISSN
0160-4120
DOI
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107328
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
eed7e1c7-afd7-44b7-a3df-7943e0baf6d5
date added to LUP
2022-09-23 15:28:40
date last changed
2024-04-15 19:11:08
@article{eed7e1c7-afd7-44b7-a3df-7943e0baf6d5,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: Only few studies have compared environmental pesticide air concentrations with specific urinary metabolites to evaluate pathways of exposure. Therefore, we compared pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos concentrations in air with urinary 4-hydroxypyrimethanil (OHP, metabolite of pyrimethanil) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) among pregnant women from the Infant's Environmental Health Study (ISA) in Matina County, Costa Rica. Methods: During pregnancy, we obtained repeat urinary samples from 448 women enrolled in the ISA study. We extrapolated pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos concentrations measured with passive air samplers (PAS) (n = 48, from 12 schools), across space and time using a Bayesian spatiotemporal model. We subsequently compared these concentrations with urinary OHP and TCPy in 915 samples from 448 women, using separate mixed models and considering several covariables. Results: A 10% increase in air pyrimethanil (ng/m<sup>3</sup>) was associated with a 5.7% (95% confidence interval (CI 4.6, 6.8) increase in OHP (μg/L). Women living further from banana plantations had lower OHP: −0.7% (95% CI −1.2, −0.3) for each 10% increase in distance (meters) as well as women who ate rice and beans ≥15 times a week −23% (95% CI −38, −4). In addition, each 1 ng/m<sup>3</sup> increase in chlorpyrifos in air was associated with a 1.5% (95% CI 0.2, 2.8) increase in TCPy (μg/L), and women working in agriculture tended to have increased TCPy (21%, 95% CI −2, 49). Conclusion: The Bayesian spatiotemporal models were useful to estimate pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos air concentrations across space and time. Our results suggest inhalation of pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos is a pathway of environmental exposure. PAS seems a useful technique to monitor environmental current-use pesticide exposures. For future studies, we recommend increasing the number of locations of environmental air measurements, obtaining all air and urine measurements during the same month, and, ideally, including dermal exposure estimates as well.</p>}},
  author       = {{Giffin, Andrew and Hoppin, Jane A. and Córdoba, Leonel and Solano-Díaz, Karla and Ruepert, Clemens and Peñaloza-Castañeda, Jorge and Lindh, Christian and Reich, Brian J. and van Wendel de Joode, Berna}},
  issn         = {{0160-4120}},
  keywords     = {{Airborne pesticide exposure; Environmental exposure; Fungicides; Insecticides; Pesticides; Spatiotemporal model; Urinary pesticide metabolites}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Environment International}},
  title        = {{Pyrimethanil and chlorpyrifos air concentrations and pregnant women's urinary metabolites in the Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA), Costa Rica}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107328}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.envint.2022.107328}},
  volume       = {{166}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}