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Att inte få rätt i rätten - En undersökning av diskrimineringsmål i Arbetsdomstolen med fokus på kärandens talan

Kärrman, Alva LU (2026) HARP23 20251
Department of Business Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Enligt förarbeten till diskrimineringslagen är det endast en låg andel av de diskrimineringsmål
som tas upp i Arbetsdomstolen som resulterar i en fällande dom. Både kritiker och DO anser
att den låga andelen har en bakgrund i Arbetsdomstolens bedömning och hur väl
Arbetsdomstolen motiverar sin bedömning. I den kritiska diskussionen inkluderas sällan hur
domarna faktiskt ser ut i praktiken.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka huruvida den låga frekvensen även kan förklaras genom den
kärande partens talan. Med det menas den part som påstår att diskriminering förekommit. För
att göra det undersöks och analyseras domar från jämställdhetslagens ikraftträdande till idag.
De domar som analyseras omfattar diskrimineringsgrunderna kön, etnisk... (More)
Enligt förarbeten till diskrimineringslagen är det endast en låg andel av de diskrimineringsmål
som tas upp i Arbetsdomstolen som resulterar i en fällande dom. Både kritiker och DO anser
att den låga andelen har en bakgrund i Arbetsdomstolens bedömning och hur väl
Arbetsdomstolen motiverar sin bedömning. I den kritiska diskussionen inkluderas sällan hur
domarna faktiskt ser ut i praktiken.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka huruvida den låga frekvensen även kan förklaras genom den
kärande partens talan. Med det menas den part som påstår att diskriminering förekommit. För
att göra det undersöks och analyseras domar från jämställdhetslagens ikraftträdande till idag.
De domar som analyseras omfattar diskrimineringsgrunderna kön, etnisk tillhörighet, religion
eller annan trosuppfattning och ålder. De omfattar även enbart diskrimineringsformerna direkt
och indirekt diskriminering. För målen som Arbetsdomstolen bedömde innan formerna infördes
i lagen omfattas diskriminering utifrån tidigare lagar. Användning av rättsdogmatisk metod
kompletteras med en analytisk ansats för att identifiera de avgörande faktorerna i de kärandens
talan.

Genom studiens utredning identifieras att talan i dessa fall har en stor inverkan på utfallen.
Denna inverkan skiljer sig dock åt i olika fall. Kärande vars talan resulterat i att bevisbördan
övergått är välformulerade och väl strukturerade efter lag. Talanden som däremot avslagits
saknar i högre utsträckning samband till diskrimineringslagens rekvisit eller
tillämpningsområde. Ytterligare en sak som identifieras är att kärandens talan kan ha
bakomliggande syften i form av att lyfta fram och synliggöra orättvisor som lagen inte omfattar.
Utfallen kan dock inte enbart ses på utifrån kärandens talan utan behöver ses i kombination med
diskrimineringslagen som framstår vara svårnavigerad. Talanden behöver också läsas
tillsammans med Arbetsdomstolen motivering av domskäl. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
The preparatory work for the Discrimination Act claims, only a small proportion of the
discrimination cases brought before the Labour Court result in a conviction. Both critics and
the DO believe that that same proportion has a background in the Labour Court's assessment
and how well the Labour Court justifies its assessment. The critical discussion rarely includes
what the judgments actually look like in practice.

The aim of the study is to investigate whether the low conviction frequency can also be
explained by the plaintiff's claim. That is, the party alleging that discrimination has occurred.
To do this, judgments from the entry into force of the Equality Act to the present day are
examined and analysed. The judgments... (More)
The preparatory work for the Discrimination Act claims, only a small proportion of the
discrimination cases brought before the Labour Court result in a conviction. Both critics and
the DO believe that that same proportion has a background in the Labour Court's assessment
and how well the Labour Court justifies its assessment. The critical discussion rarely includes
what the judgments actually look like in practice.

The aim of the study is to investigate whether the low conviction frequency can also be
explained by the plaintiff's claim. That is, the party alleging that discrimination has occurred.
To do this, judgments from the entry into force of the Equality Act to the present day are
examined and analysed. The judgments analysed cover the grounds for discrimination of
gender, ethnicity, religion or other belief and age. They also only cover the forms of
discrimination of direct and indirect discrimination. For the cases that were dealt with before
the forms were introduced into the law, discrimination based on previous laws is covered. The
use of a legal dogmatic method is supplemented with an analytical approach to identify the
decisive factors in the plaintiffs' claim.

The study's investigation identifies that the lawsuit in these cases has a major impact on the
outcomes. This impact, however, differs case by case. The approved lawsuits that are well-
formulated and well-structured according to the law. The rejected lawsuits, on the other hand,
are largely unrelated to the requirements or scope of the Discrimination Act. Also noted is that
some plaintiff's lawsuit may have underlying purposes in the form of highlighting and making
visible injustices that the law does not cover. The outcome of a case cannot be viewed solely
from the plaintiff's lawsuit but needs to be seen in combination with the Discrimination Act,
which appears to be difficult to navigate. The plaintiff's statement also needs to be read together
with the Labor Court's justification for the judgment. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Kärrman, Alva LU
supervisor
organization
course
HARP23 20251
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
diskriminering, arbetsrätt
language
Swedish
id
9226543
date added to LUP
2026-05-21 11:32:04
date last changed
2026-05-21 11:32:04
@misc{9226543,
  abstract     = {{The preparatory work for the Discrimination Act claims, only a small proportion of the
discrimination cases brought before the Labour Court result in a conviction. Both critics and
the DO believe that that same proportion has a background in the Labour Court's assessment
and how well the Labour Court justifies its assessment. The critical discussion rarely includes
what the judgments actually look like in practice.

The aim of the study is to investigate whether the low conviction frequency can also be
explained by the plaintiff's claim. That is, the party alleging that discrimination has occurred.
To do this, judgments from the entry into force of the Equality Act to the present day are
examined and analysed. The judgments analysed cover the grounds for discrimination of
gender, ethnicity, religion or other belief and age. They also only cover the forms of
discrimination of direct and indirect discrimination. For the cases that were dealt with before
the forms were introduced into the law, discrimination based on previous laws is covered. The
use of a legal dogmatic method is supplemented with an analytical approach to identify the
decisive factors in the plaintiffs' claim.

The study's investigation identifies that the lawsuit in these cases has a major impact on the
outcomes. This impact, however, differs case by case. The approved lawsuits that are well-
formulated and well-structured according to the law. The rejected lawsuits, on the other hand,
are largely unrelated to the requirements or scope of the Discrimination Act. Also noted is that
some plaintiff's lawsuit may have underlying purposes in the form of highlighting and making
visible injustices that the law does not cover. The outcome of a case cannot be viewed solely
from the plaintiff's lawsuit but needs to be seen in combination with the Discrimination Act,
which appears to be difficult to navigate. The plaintiff's statement also needs to be read together
with the Labor Court's justification for the judgment.}},
  author       = {{Kärrman, Alva}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Att inte få rätt i rätten - En undersökning av diskrimineringsmål i Arbetsdomstolen med fokus på kärandens talan}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}