Within-day energy deficiency and reproductive function in female endurance athletes
(2018) In Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 28(3). p.1139-1146- Abstract
We aimed to estimate and compare within-day energy balance (WDEB) in athletes with eumenorrhea and menstrual dysfunction (MD) with similar 24-hour energy availability/energy balance (EA/EB). Furthermore, to investigate whether within-day energy deficiency is associated with resting metabolic rate (RMR), body-composition, S-cortisol, estradiol, T3 , and fasting blood glucose. We reanalyzed 7-day dietary intake and energy expenditure data in 25 elite endurance athletes with eumenorrhea (n=10) and MD (n=15) from a group of 45 subjects where those with disordered eating behaviors (n=11), MD not related to low EA (n=5), and low dietary record validity (n=4) had been excluded. Besides gynecological examination and disordered... (More)
We aimed to estimate and compare within-day energy balance (WDEB) in athletes with eumenorrhea and menstrual dysfunction (MD) with similar 24-hour energy availability/energy balance (EA/EB). Furthermore, to investigate whether within-day energy deficiency is associated with resting metabolic rate (RMR), body-composition, S-cortisol, estradiol, T3 , and fasting blood glucose. We reanalyzed 7-day dietary intake and energy expenditure data in 25 elite endurance athletes with eumenorrhea (n=10) and MD (n=15) from a group of 45 subjects where those with disordered eating behaviors (n=11), MD not related to low EA (n=5), and low dietary record validity (n=4) had been excluded. Besides gynecological examination and disordered eating-evaluation, the protocol included RMR-measurement; assessment of body-composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood plasma analysis, and calculation of WDEB in 1-hour intervals. Subjects with MD spent more hours in a catabolic state compared to eumenorrheic athletes; WDEB <0 kcal: 23.0 hour (20.8-23.4) vs 21.1 hour (4.7-22.3), P=0.048; WDEB <-300 kcal: 21.8 hour (17.8-22.4) vs 17.6 hour (3.9-20.9), P=0.043, although similar 24-hour EA: 35.6 (11.6) vs 41.3 (12.7) kcal/kg FFM/day, (P=0.269), and EB: -659 (551) vs -313 (596) kcal/day, (P=0.160). Hours with WDEB <0 kcal and <-300 kcal were inversely associated with RMRratio (r=-0.487, P=0.013, r=-0.472, P=0.018), and estradiol (r=-0.433, P=0.034, r=-0.516, P=0.009), and positively associated with cortisol (r=0.442, P=0.027, r=0.463, P=0.019). In conclusion, although similar 24-hour EA/EB, the reanalysis revealed that MD athletes spent more time in a catabolic state compared to eumenorrheic athletes. Within-day energy deficiency was associated with clinical markers of metabolic disturbances. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
(Less)
- author
- Fahrenholtz, I L ; Sjödin, A ; Benardot, D ; Tornberg, Å B LU ; Skouby, S ; Faber, J ; Sundgot-Borgen, J and Melin, A
- organization
- publishing date
- 2018-03
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
- volume
- 28
- issue
- 3
- pages
- 1139 - 1146
- publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85041573839
- pmid:29205517
- ISSN
- 1600-0838
- DOI
- 10.1111/sms.13030
- project
- Fysiologiska och psykologiska aspekter på låg energitillgänglighet hos kvinnor - påverkan på metabolsim, prestation och hälsa
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 09f28acf-f569-4999-8c92-0e72cf66174e
- date added to LUP
- 2018-01-16 13:57:18
- date last changed
- 2024-09-17 14:31:27
@article{09f28acf-f569-4999-8c92-0e72cf66174e, abstract = {{<p>We aimed to estimate and compare within-day energy balance (WDEB) in athletes with eumenorrhea and menstrual dysfunction (MD) with similar 24-hour energy availability/energy balance (EA/EB). Furthermore, to investigate whether within-day energy deficiency is associated with resting metabolic rate (RMR), body-composition, S-cortisol, estradiol, T3 , and fasting blood glucose. We reanalyzed 7-day dietary intake and energy expenditure data in 25 elite endurance athletes with eumenorrhea (n=10) and MD (n=15) from a group of 45 subjects where those with disordered eating behaviors (n=11), MD not related to low EA (n=5), and low dietary record validity (n=4) had been excluded. Besides gynecological examination and disordered eating-evaluation, the protocol included RMR-measurement; assessment of body-composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood plasma analysis, and calculation of WDEB in 1-hour intervals. Subjects with MD spent more hours in a catabolic state compared to eumenorrheic athletes; WDEB <0 kcal: 23.0 hour (20.8-23.4) vs 21.1 hour (4.7-22.3), P=0.048; WDEB <-300 kcal: 21.8 hour (17.8-22.4) vs 17.6 hour (3.9-20.9), P=0.043, although similar 24-hour EA: 35.6 (11.6) vs 41.3 (12.7) kcal/kg FFM/day, (P=0.269), and EB: -659 (551) vs -313 (596) kcal/day, (P=0.160). Hours with WDEB <0 kcal and <-300 kcal were inversely associated with RMRratio (r=-0.487, P=0.013, r=-0.472, P=0.018), and estradiol (r=-0.433, P=0.034, r=-0.516, P=0.009), and positively associated with cortisol (r=0.442, P=0.027, r=0.463, P=0.019). In conclusion, although similar 24-hour EA/EB, the reanalysis revealed that MD athletes spent more time in a catabolic state compared to eumenorrheic athletes. Within-day energy deficiency was associated with clinical markers of metabolic disturbances. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p>}}, author = {{Fahrenholtz, I L and Sjödin, A and Benardot, D and Tornberg, Å B and Skouby, S and Faber, J and Sundgot-Borgen, J and Melin, A}}, issn = {{1600-0838}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{1139--1146}}, publisher = {{Wiley-Blackwell}}, series = {{Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports}}, title = {{Within-day energy deficiency and reproductive function in female endurance athletes}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.13030}}, doi = {{10.1111/sms.13030}}, volume = {{28}}, year = {{2018}}, }