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Oxidation and reduction of Pd(100) and aerosol-deposited Pd nanoparticles

Westerström, Rasmus LU ; Messing, Maria LU ; Blomberg, Sara LU ; Hellman, A. ; Groenbeck, H. ; Gustafson, Johan LU ; Martin, Natalia LU ; Balmes, O. ; van Rijn, R. and Andersen, Jesper N LU , et al. (2011) In Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics) 83(11).
Abstract
Using in situ high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we have followed the oxidation and the reduction of Pd model catalysts in oxygen and CO pressures in the millibar range. The study includes a Pd(100) single crystal as well as SiOx-supported Pd nanoparticles of 15 or 35 nm diameter, respectively. We demonstrate that nanoparticles also form ultrathin surface oxides prior to the onset of the bulk PdO. The Pd nanoparticles are observed to bulk oxidize at sample temperatures 40 degrees lower than the single-crystal surface. In the Pd 3d(5/2) and the O 1s spectrum, we identify a component corresponding to undercoordinated atoms at the surface of the PdO oxide. The experimentally observed PdO core-level shift is supported by density... (More)
Using in situ high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we have followed the oxidation and the reduction of Pd model catalysts in oxygen and CO pressures in the millibar range. The study includes a Pd(100) single crystal as well as SiOx-supported Pd nanoparticles of 15 or 35 nm diameter, respectively. We demonstrate that nanoparticles also form ultrathin surface oxides prior to the onset of the bulk PdO. The Pd nanoparticles are observed to bulk oxidize at sample temperatures 40 degrees lower than the single-crystal surface. In the Pd 3d(5/2) and the O 1s spectrum, we identify a component corresponding to undercoordinated atoms at the surface of the PdO oxide. The experimentally observed PdO core-level shift is supported by density functional theory calculations. In a CO atmosphere, the Pd 3d(5/2) component corresponding to undercoordinated PdO atoms is shifted by + 0.55 eV with respect to PdO bulk, demonstrating that CO molecules preferably adsorb at these sites. CO coordinated to Pd atoms in the metallic and the oxidized phases can also be distinguished in the C 1s spectrum. The initial reduction by CO is similar for the single-crystal and the nanoparticle samples, but after the complete removal of the oxide we detect a significant deviation between the two systems, namely that the nanoparticles incorporate carbon to form a Pd carbide. Our results indicate that CO can dissociate on the nanoparticle samples, whereas no such behavior is observed for the Pd(100) single crystal. These results demonstrate the similarities, as well as the important differences, between the single crystals used as model systems for catalysis and nm-sized particles on oxide supports. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics)
volume
83
issue
11
article number
115440
publisher
American Physical Society
external identifiers
  • wos:000288695200007
  • scopus:79961082225
ISSN
1098-0121
DOI
10.1103/PhysRevB.83.115440
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
0d736873-fd23-4fc0-93b9-fb3814f2060f (old id 1924979)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 13:37:34
date last changed
2023-11-12 19:37:01
@article{0d736873-fd23-4fc0-93b9-fb3814f2060f,
  abstract     = {{Using in situ high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we have followed the oxidation and the reduction of Pd model catalysts in oxygen and CO pressures in the millibar range. The study includes a Pd(100) single crystal as well as SiOx-supported Pd nanoparticles of 15 or 35 nm diameter, respectively. We demonstrate that nanoparticles also form ultrathin surface oxides prior to the onset of the bulk PdO. The Pd nanoparticles are observed to bulk oxidize at sample temperatures 40 degrees lower than the single-crystal surface. In the Pd 3d(5/2) and the O 1s spectrum, we identify a component corresponding to undercoordinated atoms at the surface of the PdO oxide. The experimentally observed PdO core-level shift is supported by density functional theory calculations. In a CO atmosphere, the Pd 3d(5/2) component corresponding to undercoordinated PdO atoms is shifted by + 0.55 eV with respect to PdO bulk, demonstrating that CO molecules preferably adsorb at these sites. CO coordinated to Pd atoms in the metallic and the oxidized phases can also be distinguished in the C 1s spectrum. The initial reduction by CO is similar for the single-crystal and the nanoparticle samples, but after the complete removal of the oxide we detect a significant deviation between the two systems, namely that the nanoparticles incorporate carbon to form a Pd carbide. Our results indicate that CO can dissociate on the nanoparticle samples, whereas no such behavior is observed for the Pd(100) single crystal. These results demonstrate the similarities, as well as the important differences, between the single crystals used as model systems for catalysis and nm-sized particles on oxide supports.}},
  author       = {{Westerström, Rasmus and Messing, Maria and Blomberg, Sara and Hellman, A. and Groenbeck, H. and Gustafson, Johan and Martin, Natalia and Balmes, O. and van Rijn, R. and Andersen, Jesper N and Deppert, Knut and Bluhm, H. and Liu, Z. and Grass, M. E. and Haevecker, M. and Lundgren, Edvin}},
  issn         = {{1098-0121}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society}},
  series       = {{Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics)}},
  title        = {{Oxidation and reduction of Pd(100) and aerosol-deposited Pd nanoparticles}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.115440}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/PhysRevB.83.115440}},
  volume       = {{83}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}