Metabolomics for studying diabetes and obesity
(2024)- Abstract
- Introduction: Obesity continues to be a growing problem and places a significant burden on the healthcare system by increasing the risk of developing various diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D, in turn, increases the risk of developing other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), neuropathy, and nephropathy. Furthermore, obesity and T2D are closely linked to liver diseases, particularly metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Various strategies exist to overcome obesity, including lifestyle modification, food supplements, pharmaceuticals, and more invasive surgical methods. In this thesis, the impact of various obesity prevention strategies on metabolism is assessed using metabolomics and... (More)
- Introduction: Obesity continues to be a growing problem and places a significant burden on the healthcare system by increasing the risk of developing various diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D, in turn, increases the risk of developing other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), neuropathy, and nephropathy. Furthermore, obesity and T2D are closely linked to liver diseases, particularly metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Various strategies exist to overcome obesity, including lifestyle modification, food supplements, pharmaceuticals, and more invasive surgical methods. In this thesis, the impact of various obesity prevention strategies on metabolism is assessed using metabolomics and lipidomics.
Methods: I applied liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to obtain metabolite and lipid profiles, followed by statistical analysis of the resulting data. In Paper I, I evaluated the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) on human metabolism within a few months and a few years post-surgery. In Paper II, I studied the effect of caffeine supplementation on metabolism in the healthy liver, both in vivo and in vitro. In Paper III, I examined the effect of meals enriched in carbohydrates, fats, protein, or fibre on individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as normoglycaemic individuals.
Results and Discussion: In Paper I, I found that the majority of changes in the metabolome and lipidome occurred within two months after RYGB, after which the metabolic profiles began to reverse, moving towards their initial state. In Paper II, I did not find any metabolite or lipid to be significantly altered due to caffeine supplementation in models of the healthy liver, suggesting that the beneficial effect of caffeine may only be found in the diseased liver. In Paper III, I found metabolism to differ between individuals based on their glycaemic status and in response to variations in meal composition. Minor differences were observed in the diabetes status-dependent response to meal variation.
Conclusion: RYGB significantly affected the human metabolome, however, these changes were transient, and within few months after surgery, metabolic profiles began to shift back towards their initial state. The beneficial effect of caffeine supplementation on liver was not observed in models of the healthy liver. The lack of diabetes status-dependent responses to meal variation suggests that diets that are healthy in people without diabetes are also healthy in people with diabetes. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/c302394a-0d0b-4089-8c5f-836945e7d5ec
- author
- Rogova, Oksana LU
- supervisor
-
- Peter Spégel LU
- Margareta Sandahl LU
- Nils Wierup LU
- Katharina Herzog LU
- opponent
-
- Associate professor Malmendal, Anders, Department of Science and Environmental Chemistry, Roskilde University.
- organization
- publishing date
- 2024-10-03
- type
- Thesis
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- metabolomics, lipidomics, diabetes, obesity, chromatography, mass spectrometry
- pages
- 184 pages
- publisher
- Media-Tryck, Lund University, Sweden
- defense location
- Kemicentrum, Sal KC:A
- defense date
- 2024-10-30 13:00:00
- ISBN
- 978-91-8096-065-6
- 978-91-8096-064-9
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- c302394a-0d0b-4089-8c5f-836945e7d5ec
- date added to LUP
- 2024-10-03 11:43:19
- date last changed
- 2024-10-04 13:33:05
@phdthesis{c302394a-0d0b-4089-8c5f-836945e7d5ec,
abstract = {{Introduction: Obesity continues to be a growing problem and places a significant burden on the healthcare system by increasing the risk of developing various diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D, in turn, increases the risk of developing other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), neuropathy, and nephropathy. Furthermore, obesity and T2D are closely linked to liver diseases, particularly metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Various strategies exist to overcome obesity, including lifestyle modification, food supplements, pharmaceuticals, and more invasive surgical methods. In this thesis, the impact of various obesity prevention strategies on metabolism is assessed using metabolomics and lipidomics.<br/><br/>Methods: I applied liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to obtain metabolite and lipid profiles, followed by statistical analysis of the resulting data. In Paper I, I evaluated the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) on human metabolism within a few months and a few years post-surgery. In Paper II, I studied the effect of caffeine supplementation on metabolism in the healthy liver, both in vivo and in vitro. In Paper III, I examined the effect of meals enriched in carbohydrates, fats, protein, or fibre on individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as normoglycaemic individuals.<br/><br/>Results and Discussion: In Paper I, I found that the majority of changes in the metabolome and lipidome occurred within two months after RYGB, after which the metabolic profiles began to reverse, moving towards their initial state. In Paper II, I did not find any metabolite or lipid to be significantly altered due to caffeine supplementation in models of the healthy liver, suggesting that the beneficial effect of caffeine may only be found in the diseased liver. In Paper III, I found metabolism to differ between individuals based on their glycaemic status and in response to variations in meal composition. Minor differences were observed in the diabetes status-dependent response to meal variation. <br/><br/>Conclusion: RYGB significantly affected the human metabolome, however, these changes were transient, and within few months after surgery, metabolic profiles began to shift back towards their initial state. The beneficial effect of caffeine supplementation on liver was not observed in models of the healthy liver. The lack of diabetes status-dependent responses to meal variation suggests that diets that are healthy in people without diabetes are also healthy in people with diabetes.}},
author = {{Rogova, Oksana}},
isbn = {{978-91-8096-065-6}},
keywords = {{metabolomics; lipidomics; diabetes; obesity; chromatography; mass spectrometry}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{10}},
publisher = {{Media-Tryck, Lund University, Sweden}},
school = {{Lund University}},
title = {{Metabolomics for studying diabetes and obesity}},
url = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/196436364/PhD_Thesis_Oksana_Rogova.pdf}},
year = {{2024}},
}