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Generative AI-assisted clinical interviewing of mental health

Sikström, Sverker LU orcid ; Boehme, Rebecca Astrid LU ; Mirström, Mariam LU orcid ; Agbotsoka, Thibaud LU ; Gyori, Gergo LU ; Lasota, Marta LU ; Tabesh, Mona LU ; Stille, Lotta LU and Garcia, Danilo LU orcid (2025) In Scientific Reports 15(1).
Abstract

The standard assessment of mental health typically involves clinical interviews conducted by highly trained clinicians. While effective, this approach faces substantial limitations, including high costs, high clinician workload, variability in expertise, and a lack of standardization. Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue to address these limitations by simulating clinician-administered interviews through AI-powered systems. However, few studies have rigorously validated such tools. In this study, we used TalkToAlba to develop and evaluat an AI assistant designed to conduct clinical interviews aligned with DSM-5 criteria. Participants (N = 303) included individuals with self-reported... (More)

The standard assessment of mental health typically involves clinical interviews conducted by highly trained clinicians. While effective, this approach faces substantial limitations, including high costs, high clinician workload, variability in expertise, and a lack of standardization. Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue to address these limitations by simulating clinician-administered interviews through AI-powered systems. However, few studies have rigorously validated such tools. In this study, we used TalkToAlba to develop and evaluat an AI assistant designed to conduct clinical interviews aligned with DSM-5 criteria. Participants (N = 303) included individuals with self-reported clinician-diagnosed mental health disorders, namely, major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), eating disorders (ED), substance use disorder (SUD), and bipolar disorder (BD)-alongside healthy controls. The AI assistant conducted diagnostic interviews and assessed the likelihood of each disorder, while another AI system analyzed interview transcripts to verify diagnostic criteria and generate comprehensive justifications for its conclusions. The results showed that the AI-powered clinical interview achieved higher agreement (i.e., Cohen's Kappa), sensitivity, and specificity in identifying self-reported, clinician-diagnosed disorders compared to established rating scales. It also exhibited significantly lower co-dependencies between diagnostic categories. Additionally, most participants rated the AI-powered interview as highly empathic, relevant, understanding, and supportive. These findings suggest that AI-powered clinical interviews can serve as accurate, standardized, and person-centered tools for assessing common mental disorders. Their scalability, low cost, and positive user experience position them as a valuable complement to traditional diagnostic methods, with potential for widespread application in mental health care delivery.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Mental Disorders/diagnosis, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Interview, Psychological/methods, Artificial Intelligence, Young Adult, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis, Interviews as Topic
in
Scientific Reports
volume
15
issue
1
article number
37737
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • pmid:41162412
ISSN
2045-2322
DOI
10.1038/s41598-025-13429-x
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
© 2025. The Author(s).
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c76592aa-9815-4f84-99db-b3e600ede0c6
date added to LUP
2025-11-02 16:18:44
date last changed
2025-11-03 15:07:28
@article{c76592aa-9815-4f84-99db-b3e600ede0c6,
  abstract     = {{<p>The standard assessment of mental health typically involves clinical interviews conducted by highly trained clinicians. While effective, this approach faces substantial limitations, including high costs, high clinician workload, variability in expertise, and a lack of standardization. Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue to address these limitations by simulating clinician-administered interviews through AI-powered systems. However, few studies have rigorously validated such tools. In this study, we used TalkToAlba to develop and evaluat an AI assistant designed to conduct clinical interviews aligned with DSM-5 criteria. Participants (N = 303) included individuals with self-reported clinician-diagnosed mental health disorders, namely, major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), eating disorders (ED), substance use disorder (SUD), and bipolar disorder (BD)-alongside healthy controls. The AI assistant conducted diagnostic interviews and assessed the likelihood of each disorder, while another AI system analyzed interview transcripts to verify diagnostic criteria and generate comprehensive justifications for its conclusions. The results showed that the AI-powered clinical interview achieved higher agreement (i.e., Cohen's Kappa), sensitivity, and specificity in identifying self-reported, clinician-diagnosed disorders compared to established rating scales. It also exhibited significantly lower co-dependencies between diagnostic categories. Additionally, most participants rated the AI-powered interview as highly empathic, relevant, understanding, and supportive. These findings suggest that AI-powered clinical interviews can serve as accurate, standardized, and person-centered tools for assessing common mental disorders. Their scalability, low cost, and positive user experience position them as a valuable complement to traditional diagnostic methods, with potential for widespread application in mental health care delivery.</p>}},
  author       = {{Sikström, Sverker and Boehme, Rebecca Astrid and Mirström, Mariam and Agbotsoka, Thibaud and Gyori, Gergo and Lasota, Marta and Tabesh, Mona and Stille, Lotta and Garcia, Danilo}},
  issn         = {{2045-2322}},
  keywords     = {{Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Mental Disorders/diagnosis; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Interview, Psychological/methods; Artificial Intelligence; Young Adult; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis; Interviews as Topic}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{10}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Scientific Reports}},
  title        = {{Generative AI-assisted clinical interviewing of mental health}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13429-x}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41598-025-13429-x}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}