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A comparison of carbon monoxide yields and particle formation at various global equivalence ratios in vitiated and under-ventilated conditions

Bray, Robert John LU ; Åström, Joakim LU ; Madsen, Dan LU orcid ; Tretsiakova-McNally, Svetlana ; Zhang, Jianping ; Malmborg, Vilhelm LU orcid and van Hees, Patrick LU (2023) In Fire Safety Journal 141.
Abstract

There have been previous studies comparing experimental methods for the purpose of capturing gaseous yields at a range of global equivalence ratios. However, no work has investigated the capability of the open controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter for collecting such data where its two modes of operation are directly compared. The aim of this study is to compare carbon monoxide yields collected using vitiated and under-ventilated modes of atmospheric control in order to identify the preferable method of replicating carbon monoxide yields reported from larger scale enclosure fire experiments. Cone irradiances of 30, 50 and 65 kW/m2 were applied to PMMA and plywood samples. Vitiated tests were conducted using a mixed... (More)

There have been previous studies comparing experimental methods for the purpose of capturing gaseous yields at a range of global equivalence ratios. However, no work has investigated the capability of the open controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter for collecting such data where its two modes of operation are directly compared. The aim of this study is to compare carbon monoxide yields collected using vitiated and under-ventilated modes of atmospheric control in order to identify the preferable method of replicating carbon monoxide yields reported from larger scale enclosure fire experiments. Cone irradiances of 30, 50 and 65 kW/m2 were applied to PMMA and plywood samples. Vitiated tests were conducted using a mixed air/diluent gas, with an inflow rate of either 100, 150 or 180 L/min, resulting in a reduced oxygen concentration of 17.5 vol. %. Under-ventilated tests were conducted using flow rates of 5, 10 and 20 L/min in an air atmosphere. Particle formations and emissions were also measured using a particle analyser and have been reported herein. Results indicate that the under-ventilated mode of equivalence ratio control offers a more promising method of capturing species yields with favourable comparisons to other bench scale methods.

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author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
CACC, Carbon monoxide, Compartment fires, Cone calorimetry, Controlled atmosphere, Equivalence ratio, Hazard evaluation, Toxicity, Under-ventilated, Vitiated
in
Fire Safety Journal
volume
141
article number
103915
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • scopus:85169562126
ISSN
0379-7112
DOI
10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103915
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
059cf518-7b5c-47d8-8dab-a0a6df3d560a
date added to LUP
2023-10-19 09:04:53
date last changed
2023-11-21 23:35:15
@article{059cf518-7b5c-47d8-8dab-a0a6df3d560a,
  abstract     = {{<p>There have been previous studies comparing experimental methods for the purpose of capturing gaseous yields at a range of global equivalence ratios. However, no work has investigated the capability of the open controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter for collecting such data where its two modes of operation are directly compared. The aim of this study is to compare carbon monoxide yields collected using vitiated and under-ventilated modes of atmospheric control in order to identify the preferable method of replicating carbon monoxide yields reported from larger scale enclosure fire experiments. Cone irradiances of 30, 50 and 65 kW/m<sup>2</sup> were applied to PMMA and plywood samples. Vitiated tests were conducted using a mixed air/diluent gas, with an inflow rate of either 100, 150 or 180 L/min, resulting in a reduced oxygen concentration of 17.5 vol. %. Under-ventilated tests were conducted using flow rates of 5, 10 and 20 L/min in an air atmosphere. Particle formations and emissions were also measured using a particle analyser and have been reported herein. Results indicate that the under-ventilated mode of equivalence ratio control offers a more promising method of capturing species yields with favourable comparisons to other bench scale methods.</p>}},
  author       = {{Bray, Robert John and Åström, Joakim and Madsen, Dan and Tretsiakova-McNally, Svetlana and Zhang, Jianping and Malmborg, Vilhelm and van Hees, Patrick}},
  issn         = {{0379-7112}},
  keywords     = {{CACC; Carbon monoxide; Compartment fires; Cone calorimetry; Controlled atmosphere; Equivalence ratio; Hazard evaluation; Toxicity; Under-ventilated; Vitiated}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Fire Safety Journal}},
  title        = {{A comparison of carbon monoxide yields and particle formation at various global equivalence ratios in vitiated and under-ventilated conditions}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103915}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103915}},
  volume       = {{141}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}