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The Disease Progression and Molecular Defense Response in Chenopodium Quinoa Infected with Peronospora Variabilis, the Causal Agent of Quinoa Downy Mildew

Rollano-Peñaloza, Oscar M. LU ; Palma-Encinas, Valeria LU orcid ; Widell, Susanne LU ; Mollinedo, Patricia LU and Rasmusson, Allan G. LU (2022) In Plants 11(21).
Abstract

Downy mildew disease, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Peronospora variabilis, is the largest threat to the cultivation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in the Andean highlands, and occurs worldwide. However, so far, no molecular study of the quinoa–Peronospora interaction has been reported. Here, we developed tools to study downy mildew disease in quinoa at the gene expression level. P. variabilis was isolated and maintained, allowing the study of downy mildew disease progression in two quinoa cultivars under controlled conditions. Quinoa gene expression changes induced by P. variabilis were analyzed by qRT-PCR, for quinoa homologues of A. thaliana pathogen-associated genes. Overall, we observed a slower disease progression and... (More)

Downy mildew disease, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Peronospora variabilis, is the largest threat to the cultivation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in the Andean highlands, and occurs worldwide. However, so far, no molecular study of the quinoa–Peronospora interaction has been reported. Here, we developed tools to study downy mildew disease in quinoa at the gene expression level. P. variabilis was isolated and maintained, allowing the study of downy mildew disease progression in two quinoa cultivars under controlled conditions. Quinoa gene expression changes induced by P. variabilis were analyzed by qRT-PCR, for quinoa homologues of A. thaliana pathogen-associated genes. Overall, we observed a slower disease progression and higher tolerance in the quinoa cultivar Kurmi than in the cultivar Maniqueña Real. The quinoa orthologs of putative defense genes such as the catalase CqCAT2 and the endochitinase CqEP3 showed no changes in gene expression. In contrast, quinoa orthologs of other defense response genes such as the transcription factor CqWRKY33 and the chaperone CqHSP90 were significantly induced in plants infected with P. variabilis. These genes could be used as defense response markers to select quinoa cultivars that are more tolerant to P. variabilis infection.

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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Chenopodium quinoa, chlorosis, downy mildew disease, gene expression, Peronospora variabilis
in
Plants
volume
11
issue
21
article number
2946
publisher
MDPI AG
external identifiers
  • scopus:85141778329
  • pmid:36365398
ISSN
2223-7747
DOI
10.3390/plants11212946
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
0cac6492-82c7-4e89-a0d6-279845e1252b
date added to LUP
2022-11-30 09:06:15
date last changed
2024-04-16 14:19:32
@article{0cac6492-82c7-4e89-a0d6-279845e1252b,
  abstract     = {{<p>Downy mildew disease, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Peronospora variabilis, is the largest threat to the cultivation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in the Andean highlands, and occurs worldwide. However, so far, no molecular study of the quinoa–Peronospora interaction has been reported. Here, we developed tools to study downy mildew disease in quinoa at the gene expression level. P. variabilis was isolated and maintained, allowing the study of downy mildew disease progression in two quinoa cultivars under controlled conditions. Quinoa gene expression changes induced by P. variabilis were analyzed by qRT-PCR, for quinoa homologues of A. thaliana pathogen-associated genes. Overall, we observed a slower disease progression and higher tolerance in the quinoa cultivar Kurmi than in the cultivar Maniqueña Real. The quinoa orthologs of putative defense genes such as the catalase CqCAT2 and the endochitinase CqEP3 showed no changes in gene expression. In contrast, quinoa orthologs of other defense response genes such as the transcription factor CqWRKY33 and the chaperone CqHSP90 were significantly induced in plants infected with P. variabilis. These genes could be used as defense response markers to select quinoa cultivars that are more tolerant to P. variabilis infection.</p>}},
  author       = {{Rollano-Peñaloza, Oscar M. and Palma-Encinas, Valeria and Widell, Susanne and Mollinedo, Patricia and Rasmusson, Allan G.}},
  issn         = {{2223-7747}},
  keywords     = {{Chenopodium quinoa; chlorosis; downy mildew disease; gene expression; Peronospora variabilis}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{21}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  series       = {{Plants}},
  title        = {{The Disease Progression and Molecular Defense Response in Chenopodium Quinoa Infected with Peronospora Variabilis, the Causal Agent of Quinoa Downy Mildew}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212946}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/plants11212946}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}