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Adherence to dietary recommendations and the risk of developing giant cell arteritis : A nested Case-Control study

Kwanyuen, P. ; Wadström, K. LU ; Sonestedt, E. LU orcid ; Fors, C. LU ; Bäcklund, R. LU ; Mohammad, AJ J. LU ; Jacobsson, LTH T.H. LU and Turesson, C. LU (2026) In Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 79.
Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the relation between adherence to dietary recommendations, the quantified intake of the components of these recommendations, and the risk of developing giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods: Participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort who subsequently developed GCA were identified through register linkage and validated in a structured review. Four controls, matched for age, sex, and year of inclusion, were selected per case. Diet quality was assessed using the Swedish Dietary Guidelines Score (SDGS, range 0-5). The relations for the SDGS, adherence to recommendations for each component and total intake of each component with development of GCA were assessed using logistic regression, adjusted for... (More)

Objectives: To investigate the relation between adherence to dietary recommendations, the quantified intake of the components of these recommendations, and the risk of developing giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods: Participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort who subsequently developed GCA were identified through register linkage and validated in a structured review. Four controls, matched for age, sex, and year of inclusion, were selected per case. Diet quality was assessed using the Swedish Dietary Guidelines Score (SDGS, range 0-5). The relations for the SDGS, adherence to recommendations for each component and total intake of each component with development of GCA were assessed using logistic regression, adjusted for total energy intake, leisure-time physical activity and alcohol intake. Potential misreporters of total energy intake were excluded. Results: There were 193 incident cases of GCA. High adherence to dietary guidelines (SDGS 4-5 vs 0-1) was associated with subsequent development of GCA (adjusted odds ratio 2.70; 95% CI 1.43-5.10). In adjusted models, adherence to recommended intake of added sugar, fish and shellfish and vegetables and fruit was associated with an increased risk of GCA. A reduced risk was seen with higher quantified consumption of added sugar, and an increased risk with higher intakes of fiber and fish and shellfish. Conclusions: An overall high diet quality was independently associated with an increased risk of GCA. This is compatible with the concept of an increased risk of GCA in subjects with a healthy metabolic profile, and of metabolic regulation of early disease mechanisms in GCA.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Diet, Giant cell arteritis, Predictor
in
Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
volume
79
article number
153003
publisher
W.B. Saunders
external identifiers
  • scopus:105040790815
  • pmid:42247731
ISSN
0049-0172
DOI
10.1016/j.semarthrit.2026.153003
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
14e742f3-dc0b-4698-8562-41a554fcacce
date added to LUP
2026-07-02 09:34:10
date last changed
2026-07-02 09:34:25
@article{14e742f3-dc0b-4698-8562-41a554fcacce,
  abstract     = {{<p>Objectives: To investigate the relation between adherence to dietary recommendations, the quantified intake of the components of these recommendations, and the risk of developing giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods: Participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort who subsequently developed GCA were identified through register linkage and validated in a structured review. Four controls, matched for age, sex, and year of inclusion, were selected per case. Diet quality was assessed using the Swedish Dietary Guidelines Score (SDGS, range 0-5). The relations for the SDGS, adherence to recommendations for each component and total intake of each component with development of GCA were assessed using logistic regression, adjusted for total energy intake, leisure-time physical activity and alcohol intake. Potential misreporters of total energy intake were excluded. Results: There were 193 incident cases of GCA. High adherence to dietary guidelines (SDGS 4-5 vs 0-1) was associated with subsequent development of GCA (adjusted odds ratio 2.70; 95% CI 1.43-5.10). In adjusted models, adherence to recommended intake of added sugar, fish and shellfish and vegetables and fruit was associated with an increased risk of GCA. A reduced risk was seen with higher quantified consumption of added sugar, and an increased risk with higher intakes of fiber and fish and shellfish. Conclusions: An overall high diet quality was independently associated with an increased risk of GCA. This is compatible with the concept of an increased risk of GCA in subjects with a healthy metabolic profile, and of metabolic regulation of early disease mechanisms in GCA.</p>}},
  author       = {{Kwanyuen, P. and Wadström, K. and Sonestedt, E. and Fors, C. and Bäcklund, R. and Mohammad, AJ J. and Jacobsson, LTH T.H. and Turesson, C.}},
  issn         = {{0049-0172}},
  keywords     = {{Diet; Giant cell arteritis; Predictor}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{W.B. Saunders}},
  series       = {{Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism}},
  title        = {{Adherence to dietary recommendations and the risk of developing giant cell arteritis : A nested Case-Control study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2026.153003}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.semarthrit.2026.153003}},
  volume       = {{79}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}