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Risk of low bone mineral density in testicular germ cell cancer survivors : Association with hypogonadism and treatment modality

Isaksson, Sigrid LU ; Bogefors, Karolina LU ; Åkesson, K. LU ; Egund, L. LU ; Bobjer, J. LU ; Leijonhufvud, I. LU and Giwercman, A. LU (2017) In Andrology 5(5). p.898-904
Abstract

The cure rate of testicular cancer exceeds 95%, but testicular cancer survivors (TCS) are at increased risk of hypogonadism (HG). It has been suggested that TCS have reduced bone mineral density (BMD), but it is unclear whether this is related to HG or a direct effect of cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TCS have decreased BMD, and if BMD is related to HG and/or the cancer treatment given. We investigated 91 TCS (mean age at diagnosis: 31 years; mean 9.3 years follow-up) and equal number of age matched controls (mean age at inclusion 40.3 years and 41.2 years, respectively). Total testosterone and LH were measured. BMD was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Low BMD (LBD) was defined as... (More)

The cure rate of testicular cancer exceeds 95%, but testicular cancer survivors (TCS) are at increased risk of hypogonadism (HG). It has been suggested that TCS have reduced bone mineral density (BMD), but it is unclear whether this is related to HG or a direct effect of cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TCS have decreased BMD, and if BMD is related to HG and/or the cancer treatment given. We investigated 91 TCS (mean age at diagnosis: 31 years; mean 9.3 years follow-up) and equal number of age matched controls (mean age at inclusion 40.3 years and 41.2 years, respectively). Total testosterone and LH were measured. BMD was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Low BMD (LBD) was defined as Z-score <-1. Compared to eugonadal TCS, both TCS with untreated HG (mean difference: -0.063 g/cm2; 95% CI: -0.122; -0.004 p = 0.037) and TCS receiving androgen replacement (mean difference -0.085 g/cm2; 95% CI: -0.168; -0.003; p = 0.043) presented with statistically significantly 6-8% lower hip BMD. At the spine, L1-L4, an 8% difference reached the level of statistical significance only for those with untreated HG (mean difference: -0.097 g/cm2; 95% CI: -0.179; -0.014; p = 0.022). TCS with untreated HG had significantly increased OR for spine L1-L4 LBD (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.3; 13; p = 0.020). The associations between the treatment given and BMD were statistically non-significant, both with and without adjustment for HG. In conclusion, TCS with HG are at increased risk of impaired bone health. Prevention of osteoporosis should be considered as an important part in future follow up of these men.

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author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Chemotherapy, Hypogonadism, Radiotherapy, Testis cancer
in
Andrology
volume
5
issue
5
pages
898 - 904
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • scopus:85020247790
  • pmid:28591464
  • wos:000410786800006
ISSN
2047-2919
DOI
10.1111/andr.12383
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
5ac43258-c15b-4bc0-a836-6925c3a64171
date added to LUP
2017-08-22 08:43:21
date last changed
2024-05-26 20:56:54
@article{5ac43258-c15b-4bc0-a836-6925c3a64171,
  abstract     = {{<p>The cure rate of testicular cancer exceeds 95%, but testicular cancer survivors (TCS) are at increased risk of hypogonadism (HG). It has been suggested that TCS have reduced bone mineral density (BMD), but it is unclear whether this is related to HG or a direct effect of cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TCS have decreased BMD, and if BMD is related to HG and/or the cancer treatment given. We investigated 91 TCS (mean age at diagnosis: 31 years; mean 9.3 years follow-up) and equal number of age matched controls (mean age at inclusion 40.3 years and 41.2 years, respectively). Total testosterone and LH were measured. BMD was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Low BMD (LBD) was defined as Z-score &lt;-1. Compared to eugonadal TCS, both TCS with untreated HG (mean difference: -0.063 g/cm<sup>2</sup>; 95% CI: -0.122; -0.004 p = 0.037) and TCS receiving androgen replacement (mean difference -0.085 g/cm<sup>2</sup>; 95% CI: -0.168; -0.003; p = 0.043) presented with statistically significantly 6-8% lower hip BMD. At the spine, L1-L4, an 8% difference reached the level of statistical significance only for those with untreated HG (mean difference: -0.097 g/cm<sup>2</sup>; 95% CI: -0.179; -0.014; p = 0.022). TCS with untreated HG had significantly increased OR for spine L1-L4 LBD (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.3; 13; p = 0.020). The associations between the treatment given and BMD were statistically non-significant, both with and without adjustment for HG. In conclusion, TCS with HG are at increased risk of impaired bone health. Prevention of osteoporosis should be considered as an important part in future follow up of these men.</p>}},
  author       = {{Isaksson, Sigrid and Bogefors, Karolina and Åkesson, K. and Egund, L. and Bobjer, J. and Leijonhufvud, I. and Giwercman, A.}},
  issn         = {{2047-2919}},
  keywords     = {{Chemotherapy; Hypogonadism; Radiotherapy; Testis cancer}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{898--904}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{Andrology}},
  title        = {{Risk of low bone mineral density in testicular germ cell cancer survivors : Association with hypogonadism and treatment modality}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/andr.12383}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/andr.12383}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}