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Pregestational Diabetes and Duration of Active Labour Compared With Non-Diabetic Women : A Population-Based Cohort Study

Nevander, Sofia ; Carlhäll, Sara ; Källén, Karin LU ; Lilliecreutz, Caroline and Blomberg, Marie (2025) In BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 132(11). p.1635-1643
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the impact of pregestational diabetes on duration of active labour (DAL) in induced and spontaneous labour and to compare caesarean section (CS) rates and indications between women with and without diabetes. Design: A population-based cohort study. Setting: Sweden. Population: 243 537 nulliparous women, registered in the Swedish Pregnancy Register, who delivered a singleton fetus at ≥ 34+0 gestational weeks + days between 2014 and 2020. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus were excluded. Methods: DAL was compared between women with pregestational diabetes and those without diabetes using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. Main Outcome Measures: DAL. Rates and indications for... (More)

Objective: To evaluate the impact of pregestational diabetes on duration of active labour (DAL) in induced and spontaneous labour and to compare caesarean section (CS) rates and indications between women with and without diabetes. Design: A population-based cohort study. Setting: Sweden. Population: 243 537 nulliparous women, registered in the Swedish Pregnancy Register, who delivered a singleton fetus at ≥ 34+0 gestational weeks + days between 2014 and 2020. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus were excluded. Methods: DAL was compared between women with pregestational diabetes and those without diabetes using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. Main Outcome Measures: DAL. Rates and indications for CS. Results: Women with pregestational diabetes had longer active labour and a reduced chance of vaginal delivery at a given time-point compared to women without diabetes, adjusted hazard ratio 0.65 (95% CI: 0.60–0.70, p < 0.001). Among those with spontaneous labour, median DAL in diabetic vs. non-diabetic women was 9.60 h versus 8.75 h, difference 0.85 h (95% CI 0.20–1.50), p < 0.001. Corresponding numbers for induced labours were 8.92 h versus 7.20 h, difference 1.72 h (95% CI 0.94–2.49), p < 0.001. Elective and emergency CS rates were higher in women with pregestational diabetes than non-diabetic women (7.4% and 29.4% vs. 2.6% and 7.1% respectively), with suspected macrosomia (50.4%) and fetal distress (31.9%) being the most common indications for CS among women with pregestational diabetes. Conclusions: The prolonged labour duration in women with pregestational diabetes highlights the importance of the labour ward staff's support and patience in managing diabetic parturients, potentially allowing more time before diagnosing labour dystocia. Extended labour duration may also influence women's birth experience.

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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
caesarean section, diabetes, indication for caesarean section, labour, pregnancy
in
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
volume
132
issue
11
pages
9 pages
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • pmid:40620028
  • scopus:105009867363
ISSN
1470-0328
DOI
10.1111/1471-0528.18276
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
id
5f4aedea-e77f-4ed7-b887-9a4c1a203890
date added to LUP
2026-01-09 16:52:45
date last changed
2026-02-06 19:38:54
@article{5f4aedea-e77f-4ed7-b887-9a4c1a203890,
  abstract     = {{<p>Objective: To evaluate the impact of pregestational diabetes on duration of active labour (DAL) in induced and spontaneous labour and to compare caesarean section (CS) rates and indications between women with and without diabetes. Design: A population-based cohort study. Setting: Sweden. Population: 243 537 nulliparous women, registered in the Swedish Pregnancy Register, who delivered a singleton fetus at ≥ 34<sup>+0</sup> gestational weeks + days between 2014 and 2020. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus were excluded. Methods: DAL was compared between women with pregestational diabetes and those without diabetes using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. Main Outcome Measures: DAL. Rates and indications for CS. Results: Women with pregestational diabetes had longer active labour and a reduced chance of vaginal delivery at a given time-point compared to women without diabetes, adjusted hazard ratio 0.65 (95% CI: 0.60–0.70, p &lt; 0.001). Among those with spontaneous labour, median DAL in diabetic vs. non-diabetic women was 9.60 h versus 8.75 h, difference 0.85 h (95% CI 0.20–1.50), p &lt; 0.001. Corresponding numbers for induced labours were 8.92 h versus 7.20 h, difference 1.72 h (95% CI 0.94–2.49), p &lt; 0.001. Elective and emergency CS rates were higher in women with pregestational diabetes than non-diabetic women (7.4% and 29.4% vs. 2.6% and 7.1% respectively), with suspected macrosomia (50.4%) and fetal distress (31.9%) being the most common indications for CS among women with pregestational diabetes. Conclusions: The prolonged labour duration in women with pregestational diabetes highlights the importance of the labour ward staff's support and patience in managing diabetic parturients, potentially allowing more time before diagnosing labour dystocia. Extended labour duration may also influence women's birth experience.</p>}},
  author       = {{Nevander, Sofia and Carlhäll, Sara and Källén, Karin and Lilliecreutz, Caroline and Blomberg, Marie}},
  issn         = {{1470-0328}},
  keywords     = {{caesarean section; diabetes; indication for caesarean section; labour; pregnancy}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{1635--1643}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology}},
  title        = {{Pregestational Diabetes and Duration of Active Labour Compared With Non-Diabetic Women : A Population-Based Cohort Study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.18276}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/1471-0528.18276}},
  volume       = {{132}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}