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A starch‐ and sucrose‐reduced dietary intervention in irritable bowel syndrome patients produced a shift in gut microbiota composition along with changes in phylum, genus, and amplicon sequence variant abundances, without affecting the micro‐RNA levels

Nilholm, Clara LU ; Manoharan, Lokeshwaran LU orcid ; Roth, Bodil LU ; D’amato, Mauro and Ohlsson, Bodil LU (2022) In United European Gastroenterology Journal 10(4). p.363-375
Abstract

Background/Aim

A randomized clinical trial with a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients has shown clear improvement of participants' symptoms. The present study aimed to explore the effects of the SSRD on the gut microbiota and circulating micro-RNA in relation to nutrient intake and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Methods

IBS patients were randomized to a 4-week SSRD intervention (n = 80) or control group (n = 25); habitual diet). At baseline and 4 weeks, blood and fecal samples, 4 day-dietary records, and symptom questionnaires were collected, that is, Rome IV questionnaires, IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS). Micro-RNA was... (More)

Background/Aim

A randomized clinical trial with a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients has shown clear improvement of participants' symptoms. The present study aimed to explore the effects of the SSRD on the gut microbiota and circulating micro-RNA in relation to nutrient intake and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Methods

IBS patients were randomized to a 4-week SSRD intervention (n = 80) or control group (n = 25); habitual diet). At baseline and 4 weeks, blood and fecal samples, 4 day-dietary records, and symptom questionnaires were collected, that is, Rome IV questionnaires, IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS). Micro-RNA was analyzed in blood and microbiota in faeces by 16S rRNA from regions V1–V2.
Results

The alpha diversity was unaffected, whereas beta diversity was decreased (p < 0.001) along with increased abundance of Proteobacteria (p = 0.0036) and decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes phyla (p < 0.001) in the intervention group at 4 weeks. Few changes were noted in the controls. The shift in beta diversity and phyla abundance correlated with decreased intakes of carbohydrates, disaccharides, and starch and increased fat and protein intakes. Proteobacteria abundance also correlated positively (R2 = 0.07, p = 0.0016), and Bacteroidetes negatively (R2 = 0.07, p = 0.0017), with reduced total IBS-SSS. Specific genera, for example, Eubacterium eligens, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, Victivallis, and Lachnospira increased significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.001 for all), whereas Marvinbryantia, DTU089 (Ruminoccocaceae family), Enterorhabdus, and Olsenella decreased, together with changes in amplicon sequence variant (ASV) levels. Modest changes of genus and ASV abundance were observed in the control group. No changes were observed in micro-RNA expression in either group.
Conclusion

The SSRD induced a shift in beta diversity along with several bacteria at different levels, associated with changes in nutrient intakes and reduced gastrointestinal symptoms. No corresponding changes were observed in the control group. Neither the nutrient intake nor the microbiota changes affected micro-RNA expression.

The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov data base (NCT03306381).
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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
gastrointestinal symptoms, gut microbiota, Irritable bowel syndrome, micro‐RNA, starch‐and sucrose‐reduced diet
in
United European Gastroenterology Journal
volume
10
issue
4
pages
13 pages
publisher
SAGE Publications
external identifiers
  • pmid:35484927
  • scopus:85128922227
ISSN
2050-6406
DOI
10.1002/ueg2.12227
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
5f6ecbbf-56c5-414b-8241-56cf449ff0e5
alternative location
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ueg2.12227
date added to LUP
2022-05-04 10:20:15
date last changed
2022-07-01 13:14:14
@article{5f6ecbbf-56c5-414b-8241-56cf449ff0e5,
  abstract     = {{<br/>Background/Aim<br/><br/>A randomized clinical trial with a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients has shown clear improvement of participants' symptoms. The present study aimed to explore the effects of the SSRD on the gut microbiota and circulating micro-RNA in relation to nutrient intake and gastrointestinal symptoms.<br/>Methods<br/><br/>IBS patients were randomized to a 4-week SSRD intervention (n = 80) or control group (n = 25); habitual diet). At baseline and 4 weeks, blood and fecal samples, 4 day-dietary records, and symptom questionnaires were collected, that is, Rome IV questionnaires, IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS). Micro-RNA was analyzed in blood and microbiota in faeces by 16S rRNA from regions V1–V2.<br/>Results<br/><br/>The alpha diversity was unaffected, whereas beta diversity was decreased (p &lt; 0.001) along with increased abundance of Proteobacteria (p = 0.0036) and decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes phyla (p &lt; 0.001) in the intervention group at 4 weeks. Few changes were noted in the controls. The shift in beta diversity and phyla abundance correlated with decreased intakes of carbohydrates, disaccharides, and starch and increased fat and protein intakes. Proteobacteria abundance also correlated positively (R2 = 0.07, p = 0.0016), and Bacteroidetes negatively (R2 = 0.07, p = 0.0017), with reduced total IBS-SSS. Specific genera, for example, Eubacterium eligens, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, Victivallis, and Lachnospira increased significantly in the intervention group (p &lt; 0.001 for all), whereas Marvinbryantia, DTU089 (Ruminoccocaceae family), Enterorhabdus, and Olsenella decreased, together with changes in amplicon sequence variant (ASV) levels. Modest changes of genus and ASV abundance were observed in the control group. No changes were observed in micro-RNA expression in either group.<br/>Conclusion<br/><br/>The SSRD induced a shift in beta diversity along with several bacteria at different levels, associated with changes in nutrient intakes and reduced gastrointestinal symptoms. No corresponding changes were observed in the control group. Neither the nutrient intake nor the microbiota changes affected micro-RNA expression.<br/><br/>The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov data base (NCT03306381).<br/>}},
  author       = {{Nilholm, Clara and Manoharan, Lokeshwaran and Roth, Bodil and D’amato, Mauro and Ohlsson, Bodil}},
  issn         = {{2050-6406}},
  keywords     = {{gastrointestinal symptoms; gut microbiota; Irritable bowel syndrome; micro‐RNA; starch‐and sucrose‐reduced diet}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{04}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{363--375}},
  publisher    = {{SAGE Publications}},
  series       = {{United European Gastroenterology Journal}},
  title        = {{A starch‐ and sucrose‐reduced dietary intervention in irritable bowel syndrome patients produced a shift in gut microbiota composition along with changes in phylum, genus, and amplicon sequence variant abundances, without affecting the micro‐RNA levels}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ueg2.12227}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/ueg2.12227}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}