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Estimating the potential health effects of cleaner air in the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic : a study in Malmö, Sweden

Malmqvist, Ebba LU orcid ; Stroh, Emilie LU orcid ; Flanagan, Erin LU orcid ; Isaxon, Christina LU ; Roldin, Pontus LU and Oudin, Anna LU orcid (2024) In Global Health Action 17(1).
Abstract

Background: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, reductions in air pollution were globally observed owing to decreased human activities, underscoring the potential for cleaner air through shifts in human behaviour. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to hypothetically estimate the resulting population health impacts in Malmö, Sweden, if these improvements in air quality were to become permanent. Methods: We utilized air pollution data from two measurement campaigns conducted in the spring of 2019 and the spring of 2020 for our Health Impact Assessment, applying standard methods. This assessment involved making assumptions about baseline population risk and using established concentration-response functions.... (More)

Background: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, reductions in air pollution were globally observed owing to decreased human activities, underscoring the potential for cleaner air through shifts in human behaviour. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to hypothetically estimate the resulting population health impacts in Malmö, Sweden, if these improvements in air quality were to become permanent. Methods: We utilized air pollution data from two measurement campaigns conducted in the spring of 2019 and the spring of 2020 for our Health Impact Assessment, applying standard methods. This assessment involved making assumptions about baseline population risk and using established concentration-response functions. Results: In the spring of 2020, the NO2 concentrations exhibited an average decrease of 6.6 μg/m3 (42%) decrease and PM2.5 concentrations a 1.9 μg/m3 (22%) decrease, compared to the spring of 2019. If sustained, such improvements could lead to an estimated 1–3% decrease in premature deaths, a 2% decrease in preeclampsia cases, a 6% decrease in low birthweight children, a 4% decrease in bronchitis cases among children, a 2% decrease in asthma cases, a 0.2% decrease in hospital admissions for respiratory diagnoses, and an estimated 11% decrease in dementia cases annually. Conclusion: The findings illustrate the potential for enhanced health in Malmö due to improved air quality. Efforts to combat air pollution and implement long-term strategies, such as those targeting urban mobility and commuting patterns, are essential for the health and well-being of both local and global populations.

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author
; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
air pollution, air quality, environmental health, Health impact assessment, place and health, transportation, urban health
in
Global Health Action
volume
17
issue
1
article number
2416291
publisher
Taylor & Francis
external identifiers
  • pmid:39434666
  • scopus:85206961056
ISSN
1654-9716
DOI
10.1080/16549716.2024.2416291
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
66f56b5d-7ee5-4ef9-bdf3-900f324f0140
date added to LUP
2025-01-14 09:39:42
date last changed
2025-07-16 00:28:33
@article{66f56b5d-7ee5-4ef9-bdf3-900f324f0140,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, reductions in air pollution were globally observed owing to decreased human activities, underscoring the potential for cleaner air through shifts in human behaviour. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to hypothetically estimate the resulting population health impacts in Malmö, Sweden, if these improvements in air quality were to become permanent. Methods: We utilized air pollution data from two measurement campaigns conducted in the spring of 2019 and the spring of 2020 for our Health Impact Assessment, applying standard methods. This assessment involved making assumptions about baseline population risk and using established concentration-response functions. Results: In the spring of 2020, the NO2 concentrations exhibited an average decrease of 6.6 μg/m3 (42%) decrease and PM2.5 concentrations a 1.9 μg/m3 (22%) decrease, compared to the spring of 2019. If sustained, such improvements could lead to an estimated 1–3% decrease in premature deaths, a 2% decrease in preeclampsia cases, a 6% decrease in low birthweight children, a 4% decrease in bronchitis cases among children, a 2% decrease in asthma cases, a 0.2% decrease in hospital admissions for respiratory diagnoses, and an estimated 11% decrease in dementia cases annually. Conclusion: The findings illustrate the potential for enhanced health in Malmö due to improved air quality. Efforts to combat air pollution and implement long-term strategies, such as those targeting urban mobility and commuting patterns, are essential for the health and well-being of both local and global populations.</p>}},
  author       = {{Malmqvist, Ebba and Stroh, Emilie and Flanagan, Erin and Isaxon, Christina and Roldin, Pontus and Oudin, Anna}},
  issn         = {{1654-9716}},
  keywords     = {{air pollution; air quality; environmental health; Health impact assessment; place and health; transportation; urban health}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Taylor & Francis}},
  series       = {{Global Health Action}},
  title        = {{Estimating the potential health effects of cleaner air in the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic : a study in Malmö, Sweden}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2024.2416291}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/16549716.2024.2416291}},
  volume       = {{17}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}