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Dermatan sulfate epimerase 1 and dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 form complexes that generate long epimerized 4-O-sulfated blocks

Tykesson, Emil LU orcid ; Hassinen, Antti ; Zielinska, Katarzyna LU ; Thelin, Martin A. LU ; Frati, Giacomo ; Ellervik, Ulf LU orcid ; Westergren-Thorsson, Gunilla LU orcid ; Malmström, Anders LU orcid ; Kellokumpu, Sakari and Maccarana, Marco LU (2018) In Journal of Biological Chemistry 293(35). p.13725-13735
Abstract

During the biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/ DS), a variable fraction of glucuronic acid is converted to iduronic acid through the activities of two epimerases, dermatan sulfate epimerases 1 (DS-epi1) and 2 (DS-epi2). Previous in vitro studies indicated that without association with other enzymes, DS-epi1 activity produces structures that have only a few adjacent iduronic acid units. In vivo, concomitant with epimerization, dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (D4ST1) sulfates the GalNAc adjacent to iduronic acid. This sulfation facilitates DS-epi1 activity and enables the formation of long blocks of sulfated iduronic acid– containing domains, which can be major components of CS/DS. In this report, we used recombinant enzymes... (More)

During the biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/ DS), a variable fraction of glucuronic acid is converted to iduronic acid through the activities of two epimerases, dermatan sulfate epimerases 1 (DS-epi1) and 2 (DS-epi2). Previous in vitro studies indicated that without association with other enzymes, DS-epi1 activity produces structures that have only a few adjacent iduronic acid units. In vivo, concomitant with epimerization, dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (D4ST1) sulfates the GalNAc adjacent to iduronic acid. This sulfation facilitates DS-epi1 activity and enables the formation of long blocks of sulfated iduronic acid– containing domains, which can be major components of CS/DS. In this report, we used recombinant enzymes to confirm the concerted action of DS-epi1 and D4ST1. Confocal microscopy revealed that these two enzymes colocalize to the Golgi, and FRET experiments indicated that they physically interact. Furthermore, FRET, immunoprecipitation, and cross-linking experiments also revealed that DS-epi1, DS-epi2, and D4ST1 form homomers and are all part of a hetero-oligomeric complex where D4ST1 directly interacts with DS-epi1, but not with DS-epi2. The cooperation of DS-epi1 with D4ST1 may therefore explain the processive mode of the formation of iduronic acid blocks. In conclusion, the iduronic acid–forming enzymes operate in complexes, similar to other enzymes active in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. This knowledge shed light on regulatory mechanisms controlling the biosynthesis of the structurally diverse CS/DS molecule.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Journal of Biological Chemistry
volume
293
issue
35
pages
11 pages
publisher
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
external identifiers
  • scopus:85052576099
  • pmid:29976758
ISSN
0021-9258
DOI
10.1074/jbc.RA118.003875
project
Small molecules that interfere with the biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate for exploration of cell surface carbohydrates and use as cancer therapy
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
9c4f9a12-cdb9-4c4e-abcf-4b0b4218a781
date added to LUP
2018-10-04 10:46:07
date last changed
2024-06-10 18:24:43
@article{9c4f9a12-cdb9-4c4e-abcf-4b0b4218a781,
  abstract     = {{<p>During the biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/ DS), a variable fraction of glucuronic acid is converted to iduronic acid through the activities of two epimerases, dermatan sulfate epimerases 1 (DS-epi1) and 2 (DS-epi2). Previous in vitro studies indicated that without association with other enzymes, DS-epi1 activity produces structures that have only a few adjacent iduronic acid units. In vivo, concomitant with epimerization, dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (D4ST1) sulfates the GalNAc adjacent to iduronic acid. This sulfation facilitates DS-epi1 activity and enables the formation of long blocks of sulfated iduronic acid– containing domains, which can be major components of CS/DS. In this report, we used recombinant enzymes to confirm the concerted action of DS-epi1 and D4ST1. Confocal microscopy revealed that these two enzymes colocalize to the Golgi, and FRET experiments indicated that they physically interact. Furthermore, FRET, immunoprecipitation, and cross-linking experiments also revealed that DS-epi1, DS-epi2, and D4ST1 form homomers and are all part of a hetero-oligomeric complex where D4ST1 directly interacts with DS-epi1, but not with DS-epi2. The cooperation of DS-epi1 with D4ST1 may therefore explain the processive mode of the formation of iduronic acid blocks. In conclusion, the iduronic acid–forming enzymes operate in complexes, similar to other enzymes active in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. This knowledge shed light on regulatory mechanisms controlling the biosynthesis of the structurally diverse CS/DS molecule.</p>}},
  author       = {{Tykesson, Emil and Hassinen, Antti and Zielinska, Katarzyna and Thelin, Martin A. and Frati, Giacomo and Ellervik, Ulf and Westergren-Thorsson, Gunilla and Malmström, Anders and Kellokumpu, Sakari and Maccarana, Marco}},
  issn         = {{0021-9258}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{35}},
  pages        = {{13725--13735}},
  publisher    = {{American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}},
  series       = {{Journal of Biological Chemistry}},
  title        = {{Dermatan sulfate epimerase 1 and dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 form complexes that generate long epimerized 4-O-sulfated blocks}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.003875}},
  doi          = {{10.1074/jbc.RA118.003875}},
  volume       = {{293}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}