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Early and advanced stages of Maillard reaction in infant formulas : Analysis of available lysine and carboxymethyl-lysine

Aalaei, Kataneh LU ; Sjöholm, Ingegerd LU ; Rayner, Marilyn LU ; Teixeira, Cristina LU and Tareke, Eden LU (2019) In PLoS ONE 14(7).
Abstract

Although the literature on the Maillard reaction in infant formulas is extensive, most studies have focused on model systems, and in only a few cases on real food systems. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the status of the Maillard reaction, both the early and advanced phases, in a variety of commercial infant formulas available on the Swedish market. Ten powder and liquid milk-based infant formulas from three manufacturers were selected to determine available lysine and CML contents, the two established indicators of the reaction. The products were also characterized with respect to protein content, carbohydrates composition, water content and water activity. In order to be able to compare the impact of... (More)

Although the literature on the Maillard reaction in infant formulas is extensive, most studies have focused on model systems, and in only a few cases on real food systems. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the status of the Maillard reaction, both the early and advanced phases, in a variety of commercial infant formulas available on the Swedish market. Ten powder and liquid milk-based infant formulas from three manufacturers were selected to determine available lysine and CML contents, the two established indicators of the reaction. The products were also characterized with respect to protein content, carbohydrates composition, water content and water activity. In order to be able to compare the impact of different processing steps applied on powder and liquid formulas, the solid formulas contained similar ingredients as their corresponding liquid ones. Our findings showed that powder and liquid formulas contained similar available lysine concentrations regardless of the manufacturer, showing 27.14–36.57% decrease in the available lysine, compared to the reference skim milk powder in this study. The CML concentrations were in a broad range of 68.77–507.99 mg/kg protein. In the case of one manufacturer, liquid infant formulas had significantly higher CML content, compared to the powder products (p < 0.05). The results from this study are a step taken towards better understanding of the extent of the Maillard reaction in real complex systems of infant formulas.

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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
PLoS ONE
volume
14
issue
7
article number
e0220138
publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
external identifiers
  • scopus:85069846785
  • pmid:31339942
ISSN
1932-6203
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0220138
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
a9a3c98c-f25b-4973-8fa7-00cd6ed63db0
date added to LUP
2019-08-23 11:04:01
date last changed
2024-05-28 22:22:32
@article{a9a3c98c-f25b-4973-8fa7-00cd6ed63db0,
  abstract     = {{<p>Although the literature on the Maillard reaction in infant formulas is extensive, most studies have focused on model systems, and in only a few cases on real food systems. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the status of the Maillard reaction, both the early and advanced phases, in a variety of commercial infant formulas available on the Swedish market. Ten powder and liquid milk-based infant formulas from three manufacturers were selected to determine available lysine and CML contents, the two established indicators of the reaction. The products were also characterized with respect to protein content, carbohydrates composition, water content and water activity. In order to be able to compare the impact of different processing steps applied on powder and liquid formulas, the solid formulas contained similar ingredients as their corresponding liquid ones. Our findings showed that powder and liquid formulas contained similar available lysine concentrations regardless of the manufacturer, showing 27.14–36.57% decrease in the available lysine, compared to the reference skim milk powder in this study. The CML concentrations were in a broad range of 68.77–507.99 mg/kg protein. In the case of one manufacturer, liquid infant formulas had significantly higher CML content, compared to the powder products (p &lt; 0.05). The results from this study are a step taken towards better understanding of the extent of the Maillard reaction in real complex systems of infant formulas.</p>}},
  author       = {{Aalaei, Kataneh and Sjöholm, Ingegerd and Rayner, Marilyn and Teixeira, Cristina and Tareke, Eden}},
  issn         = {{1932-6203}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{07}},
  number       = {{7}},
  publisher    = {{Public Library of Science (PLoS)}},
  series       = {{PLoS ONE}},
  title        = {{Early and advanced stages of Maillard reaction in infant formulas : Analysis of available lysine and carboxymethyl-lysine}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220138}},
  doi          = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0220138}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}