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Short-term pre-meal whey protein microgel supplementation reduces postprandial glycemia and appetite in adults with overweight : An open-label randomised controlled trial

Neeland, Ian J. ; Tsintzas, Kostas ; Ahrén, Bo LU ; Chilton, Robert J. ; Giorgetti, Ambra ; Mondragon, Alric ; Ambiaux, Rachel ; Migliavacca, Eugenia ; Philippe, David and Aprikian, Olivier , et al. (2025) In Obesity Pillars 15.
Abstract

Background: Premeal whey protein (WP) consumption may reduce postprandial glucose (PPG) levels and appetite. We assessed the effects of twice daily consumption of a low-dose non-gelling novel WP formulation (WP microgel [WPM]) on PPG, self-reported appetite, and ad-libitum food consumption. Methods: This was a randomized, prospective, open-label, controlled, single-center crossover study, and adults with BMI 27–35 kg/m2 were randomized to consume either 125 mL of 10 g WPM or control (water) 15 min before breakfast and lunch for four consecutive days. Three days were under free-living conditions, and the 4th day was at the clinic where breakfast (09:00 a.m.) was standardized (323 kcal, 7.0 g proteins), and lunch (12:00 p.m.)... (More)

Background: Premeal whey protein (WP) consumption may reduce postprandial glucose (PPG) levels and appetite. We assessed the effects of twice daily consumption of a low-dose non-gelling novel WP formulation (WP microgel [WPM]) on PPG, self-reported appetite, and ad-libitum food consumption. Methods: This was a randomized, prospective, open-label, controlled, single-center crossover study, and adults with BMI 27–35 kg/m2 were randomized to consume either 125 mL of 10 g WPM or control (water) 15 min before breakfast and lunch for four consecutive days. Three days were under free-living conditions, and the 4th day was at the clinic where breakfast (09:00 a.m.) was standardized (323 kcal, 7.0 g proteins), and lunch (12:00 p.m.) ad-libitum (pizza, 228.8 kcal/9.9 g proteins per 100 g). Following a 3-day wash-out, participants were switched to the opposite regimen. The primary confirmatory endpoint was breakfast 2 h-PPG (assessed using CGM) analyzed as iAUC-15-120min using a linear mixed effects model. Appetite was captured by frequent self-reporting (hunger, desire, amount, fullness, satisfaction) using a visual analogue scale (0–100 mm). Ad-libitum food consumption (lunch) was assessed by weighing the amount consumed. Result: 18 individuals (8 females, median age 57 years, BMI 29.8 kg/m2, HbA1c 5.5 %) were randomized and consumed products. The breakfast 2 h-PPG iAUC was 39.3 % lower with WPM compared with control (LSM iAUC Ratio WPM/control (95 % CI): 0.607 [0.4 43, 0.831], p = 0.0047), and during lunch numerically reduced (p = 0.0649). Appetite scores during breakfast and lunch supported a modest suppressing effect of the WPM. Food consumption during the ad-libitum lunch was significantly reduced by 9.4 % (WPM vs Control −66.8 kcal [-133.1, −0.6], p = 0.0482). Conclusions: A 125 mL pre-meal dose of WPM consumed twice daily before breakfast and lunch for 4 days in adults with obesity significantly reduced breakfast PPG and had a moderate appetite-suppressing effect, which led to a significantly lower energy consumption during ad-libitum lunch (NCT06593769).

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Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Obesity Pillars
volume
15
article number
100183
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • pmid:40521305
  • scopus:105006649371
ISSN
2667-3681
DOI
10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100183
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
b9d417a2-45e2-4135-acdd-21f237b33696
date added to LUP
2025-07-18 08:13:45
date last changed
2025-07-19 03:00:05
@article{b9d417a2-45e2-4135-acdd-21f237b33696,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: Premeal whey protein (WP) consumption may reduce postprandial glucose (PPG) levels and appetite. We assessed the effects of twice daily consumption of a low-dose non-gelling novel WP formulation (WP microgel [WPM]) on PPG, self-reported appetite, and ad-libitum food consumption. Methods: This was a randomized, prospective, open-label, controlled, single-center crossover study, and adults with BMI 27–35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> were randomized to consume either 125 mL of 10 g WPM or control (water) 15 min before breakfast and lunch for four consecutive days. Three days were under free-living conditions, and the 4th day was at the clinic where breakfast (09:00 a.m.) was standardized (323 kcal, 7.0 g proteins), and lunch (12:00 p.m.) ad-libitum (pizza, 228.8 kcal/9.9 g proteins per 100 g). Following a 3-day wash-out, participants were switched to the opposite regimen. The primary confirmatory endpoint was breakfast 2 h-PPG (assessed using CGM) analyzed as iAUC<sub>-15-120min</sub> using a linear mixed effects model. Appetite was captured by frequent self-reporting (hunger, desire, amount, fullness, satisfaction) using a visual analogue scale (0–100 mm). Ad-libitum food consumption (lunch) was assessed by weighing the amount consumed. Result: 18 individuals (8 females, median age 57 years, BMI 29.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, HbA1c 5.5 %) were randomized and consumed products. The breakfast 2 h-PPG iAUC was 39.3 % lower with WPM compared with control (LSM iAUC Ratio WPM/control (95 % CI): 0.607 [0.4 43, 0.831], p = 0.0047), and during lunch numerically reduced (p = 0.0649). Appetite scores during breakfast and lunch supported a modest suppressing effect of the WPM. Food consumption during the ad-libitum lunch was significantly reduced by 9.4 % (WPM vs Control −66.8 kcal [-133.1, −0.6], p = 0.0482). Conclusions: A 125 mL pre-meal dose of WPM consumed twice daily before breakfast and lunch for 4 days in adults with obesity significantly reduced breakfast PPG and had a moderate appetite-suppressing effect, which led to a significantly lower energy consumption during ad-libitum lunch (NCT06593769).</p>}},
  author       = {{Neeland, Ian J. and Tsintzas, Kostas and Ahrén, Bo and Chilton, Robert J. and Giorgetti, Ambra and Mondragon, Alric and Ambiaux, Rachel and Migliavacca, Eugenia and Philippe, David and Aprikian, Olivier and Johansen, Odd Erik}},
  issn         = {{2667-3681}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Obesity Pillars}},
  title        = {{Short-term pre-meal whey protein microgel supplementation reduces postprandial glycemia and appetite in adults with overweight : An open-label randomised controlled trial}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100183}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100183}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}