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No difference in body weight decrease between a low-glycemic-index and a high-glycemic-index diet but reduced LDL cholesterol after 10-wk ad libitum intake of the low-glycemic-index diet

Sloth, B ; Krog-Mikkelsen, I ; Flint, A ; Tetens, I ; Björck, Inger LU ; Vinoy, S ; Elmståhl, Helena LU ; Astrup, A ; Lang, V and Raben, A (2004) In American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80(2). p.337-347
Abstract
Background: The role of glycemic index (GI) in appetite and body-weight regulation is still not clear.



Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the long-term effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet with either low glycemic index (LGI) or high glycemic index (HGI) on ad libitum energy intake, body weight, and composition, as well as on risk factors for type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease in overweight healthy subjects.



Design: The study was a 10-wk parallel, randomized, intervention trial with 2 matched groups. The LGI or HGI test foods, given as replacements for the subjects’ usual carbohydrate-rich foods, were equal in total energy, energy density, dietary fiber, and... (More)
Background: The role of glycemic index (GI) in appetite and body-weight regulation is still not clear.



Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the long-term effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet with either low glycemic index (LGI) or high glycemic index (HGI) on ad libitum energy intake, body weight, and composition, as well as on risk factors for type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease in overweight healthy subjects.



Design: The study was a 10-wk parallel, randomized, intervention trial with 2 matched groups. The LGI or HGI test foods, given as replacements for the subjects’ usual carbohydrate-rich foods, were equal in total energy, energy density, dietary fiber, and macronutrient composition. Subjects were 45 (LGI diet: n = 23; HGI diet: n = 22) healthy overweight [body mass index (in kg/m2): 27.6 ± 0.2] women aged 20–40 y.



Results: Energy intake, mean (± SEM) body weight (LGI diet: –1.9 ± 0.5 kg; HGI diet: –1.3 ± 0.3 kg), and fat mass (LGI diet: –1.0 ± 0.4 kg; HGI diet: –0.4 ± 0.3 kg) decreased over time, but the differences between groups were not significant. No significant differences were observed between groups in fasting serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment for relative insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment for ß cell function, triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acids, or HDL cholesterol. However, a 10% decrease in LDL cholesterol (P < 0.05) and a tendency to a larger decrease in total cholesterol (P = 0.06) were observed with consumption of the LGI diet as compared with the HGI diet.



Conclusions: This study does not support the contention that low-fat LGI diets are more beneficial than HGI diets with regard to appetite or body-weight regulation as evaluated over 10 wk. However, it confirms previous findings of a beneficial effect of LGI diets on risk factors for ischemic heart disease.





Key Words: Obesity • fat mass • energy intake • type 2 diabetes • ischemic heart disease • cholesterol • triacylglycerol • glucose • insulin (Less)
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; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
volume
80
issue
2
pages
337 - 347
publisher
Oxford University Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:15277154
  • wos:000222912800015
  • scopus:4344631049
ISSN
1938-3207
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry (011001300)
id
c7200432-fb1d-47cc-8c66-47be09828b2c (old id 141601)
alternative location
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/80/2/337
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 16:33:17
date last changed
2023-11-14 13:26:54
@article{c7200432-fb1d-47cc-8c66-47be09828b2c,
  abstract     = {{Background: The role of glycemic index (GI) in appetite and body-weight regulation is still not clear. <br/><br>
<br/><br>
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the long-term effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet with either low glycemic index (LGI) or high glycemic index (HGI) on ad libitum energy intake, body weight, and composition, as well as on risk factors for type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease in overweight healthy subjects. <br/><br>
<br/><br>
Design: The study was a 10-wk parallel, randomized, intervention trial with 2 matched groups. The LGI or HGI test foods, given as replacements for the subjects’ usual carbohydrate-rich foods, were equal in total energy, energy density, dietary fiber, and macronutrient composition. Subjects were 45 (LGI diet: n = 23; HGI diet: n = 22) healthy overweight [body mass index (in kg/m2): 27.6 ± 0.2] women aged 20–40 y. <br/><br>
<br/><br>
Results: Energy intake, mean (± SEM) body weight (LGI diet: –1.9 ± 0.5 kg; HGI diet: –1.3 ± 0.3 kg), and fat mass (LGI diet: –1.0 ± 0.4 kg; HGI diet: –0.4 ± 0.3 kg) decreased over time, but the differences between groups were not significant. No significant differences were observed between groups in fasting serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment for relative insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment for ß cell function, triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acids, or HDL cholesterol. However, a 10% decrease in LDL cholesterol (P &lt; 0.05) and a tendency to a larger decrease in total cholesterol (P = 0.06) were observed with consumption of the LGI diet as compared with the HGI diet. <br/><br>
<br/><br>
Conclusions: This study does not support the contention that low-fat LGI diets are more beneficial than HGI diets with regard to appetite or body-weight regulation as evaluated over 10 wk. However, it confirms previous findings of a beneficial effect of LGI diets on risk factors for ischemic heart disease. <br/><br>
<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Key Words: Obesity • fat mass • energy intake • type 2 diabetes • ischemic heart disease • cholesterol • triacylglycerol • glucose • insulin}},
  author       = {{Sloth, B and Krog-Mikkelsen, I and Flint, A and Tetens, I and Björck, Inger and Vinoy, S and Elmståhl, Helena and Astrup, A and Lang, V and Raben, A}},
  issn         = {{1938-3207}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{337--347}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  series       = {{American Journal of Clinical Nutrition}},
  title        = {{No difference in body weight decrease between a low-glycemic-index and a high-glycemic-index diet but reduced LDL cholesterol after 10-wk ad libitum intake of the low-glycemic-index diet}},
  url          = {{http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/80/2/337}},
  volume       = {{80}},
  year         = {{2004}},
}