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High-efficiency microwave photodetection by cavity-coupled double quantum dots with single-cavity-photon sensitivity

Haldar, Subhomoy LU ; Havir, Harald LU ; Khan, Waqar LU ; Zenelaj, Drilon LU orcid ; Potts, Patrick P. LU orcid ; Lehmann, Sebastian LU ; Dick, Kimberly A. LU ; Samuelsson, Peter LU and Maisi, Ville F. LU (2025) In Physical Review Applied 24(4).
Abstract

We present a superconducting cavity-coupled double quantum dot (DQD) photodiode that achieves a maximum photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 25% in the microwave domain. With a higher-quality-factor cavity and improved device design to prevent photon leakages through unwanted pathways, our device measures microwave signals down to the 100-aW power level and achieves sensitivity to probe microwave signals with one photon at a time in the cavity. We analyze the photodiode operation using the Jaynes-Cummings input-output theory, identifying the key improvements of stronger cavity-DQD coupling needed to achieve near-unity photodetection efficiency. The results presented in this work represent a crucial advancement toward near-unity... (More)

We present a superconducting cavity-coupled double quantum dot (DQD) photodiode that achieves a maximum photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 25% in the microwave domain. With a higher-quality-factor cavity and improved device design to prevent photon leakages through unwanted pathways, our device measures microwave signals down to the 100-aW power level and achieves sensitivity to probe microwave signals with one photon at a time in the cavity. We analyze the photodiode operation using the Jaynes-Cummings input-output theory, identifying the key improvements of stronger cavity-DQD coupling needed to achieve near-unity photodetection efficiency. The results presented in this work represent a crucial advancement toward near-unity microwave photodetection efficiency with single-cavity-photon sensitivity.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Physical Review Applied
volume
24
issue
4
article number
044074
publisher
American Physical Society
external identifiers
  • scopus:105022787019
ISSN
2331-7019
DOI
10.1103/jlxt-19h9
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2025 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by "https://www.kb.se/samverkan-och-utveckling/oppen-tillgang-och-bibsamkonsortiet/bibsamkonsortiet.html"Bibsam.
id
e63d3067-206b-4ca1-aea4-259e44061482
date added to LUP
2026-01-09 16:59:33
date last changed
2026-01-12 08:33:27
@article{e63d3067-206b-4ca1-aea4-259e44061482,
  abstract     = {{<p>We present a superconducting cavity-coupled double quantum dot (DQD) photodiode that achieves a maximum photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 25% in the microwave domain. With a higher-quality-factor cavity and improved device design to prevent photon leakages through unwanted pathways, our device measures microwave signals down to the 100-aW power level and achieves sensitivity to probe microwave signals with one photon at a time in the cavity. We analyze the photodiode operation using the Jaynes-Cummings input-output theory, identifying the key improvements of stronger cavity-DQD coupling needed to achieve near-unity photodetection efficiency. The results presented in this work represent a crucial advancement toward near-unity microwave photodetection efficiency with single-cavity-photon sensitivity.</p>}},
  author       = {{Haldar, Subhomoy and Havir, Harald and Khan, Waqar and Zenelaj, Drilon and Potts, Patrick P. and Lehmann, Sebastian and Dick, Kimberly A. and Samuelsson, Peter and Maisi, Ville F.}},
  issn         = {{2331-7019}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{10}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society}},
  series       = {{Physical Review Applied}},
  title        = {{High-efficiency microwave photodetection by cavity-coupled double quantum dots with single-cavity-photon sensitivity}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/jlxt-19h9}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/jlxt-19h9}},
  volume       = {{24}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}