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Early deficits in insulin secretion, beta cell mass and islet blood perfusion precede onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in BioBreeding rats

Medina, Anya LU ; Parween, Saba ; Ullsten, Sara ; Vishnu, Neelanjan LU ; Siu, Yuk Ting ; Quach, My ; Bennet, Hedvig LU ; Balhuizen, Alexander LU ; Åkesson, Lina LU and Wierup, Nils LU , et al. (2018) In Diabetologia 61(4). p.896-905
Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: Genetic studies show coupling of genes affecting beta cell function to type 1 diabetes, but hitherto no studies on whether beta cell dysfunction could precede insulitis and clinical onset of type 1 diabetes are available. Methods: We used 40-day-old BioBreeding (BB) DRLyp/Lyp rats (a model of spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes) and diabetes-resistant DRLyp/+ and DR+/+ littermates (controls) to investigate beta cell function in vivo, and insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro. Beta cell mass was assessed by optical projection tomography (OPT) and morphometry. Additionally, measurements of intra-islet blood flow were performed using microsphere injections. We also assessed immune cell infiltration, cytokine... (More)

Aims/hypothesis: Genetic studies show coupling of genes affecting beta cell function to type 1 diabetes, but hitherto no studies on whether beta cell dysfunction could precede insulitis and clinical onset of type 1 diabetes are available. Methods: We used 40-day-old BioBreeding (BB) DRLyp/Lyp rats (a model of spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes) and diabetes-resistant DRLyp/+ and DR+/+ littermates (controls) to investigate beta cell function in vivo, and insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro. Beta cell mass was assessed by optical projection tomography (OPT) and morphometry. Additionally, measurements of intra-islet blood flow were performed using microsphere injections. We also assessed immune cell infiltration, cytokine expression in islets (by immunohistochemistry and qPCR), as well as islet Glut2 expression and ATP/ADP ratio to determine effects on glucose uptake and metabolism in beta cells. Results: DRLyp/Lyp rats were normoglycaemic and without traces of immune cell infiltrates. However, IVGTTs revealed a significant decrease in the acute insulin response to glucose compared with control rats (1685.3 ± 121.3 vs 633.3 ± 148.7; p < 0.0001). In agreement, insulin secretion was severely perturbed in isolated islets, and both first- and second-phase insulin release were lowered compared with control rats, while glucagon secretion was similar in both groups. Interestingly, after 5–7 days of culture of islets from DRLyp/Lyp rats in normal media, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was improved; although, a significant decrease in GSIS was still evident compared with islets from control rats at this time (7393.9 ± 1593.7 vs 4416.8 ± 1230.5 pg islet−1 h−1; p < 0.0001). Compared with controls, OPT of whole pancreas from DRLyp/Lyp rats revealed significant reductions in medium (4.1 × 109 ± 9.5 × 107 vs 3.8 × 109 ± 5.8 × 107 μm3; p = 0.044) and small sized islets (1.6 × 109 ± 5.1 × 107 vs 1.4 × 109 ± 4.5 × 107 μm3; p = 0.035). Finally, we found lower intra-islet blood perfusion in vivo (113.1 ± 16.8 vs 76.9 ± 11.8 μl min−1 [g pancreas]−1; p = 0.023) and alterations in the beta cell ATP/ADP ratio in DRLyp/Lyp rats vs control rats. Conclusions/interpretation: The present study identifies a deterioration of beta cell function and mass, and intra-islet blood flow that precedes insulitis and diabetes development in animals prone to autoimmune type 1 diabetes. These underlying changes in islet function may be previously unrecognised factors of importance in type 1 diabetes development.

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Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Beta cell dysfunction, Beta cell mass, Insulin secretion, Islet blood flow, Type 1 diabetes
in
Diabetologia
volume
61
issue
4
pages
896 - 905
publisher
Springer
external identifiers
  • scopus:85037613807
  • pmid:29209740
ISSN
0012-186X
DOI
10.1007/s00125-017-4512-z
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
f5a23ff9-38d4-48b5-95a5-8537c359f635
date added to LUP
2018-01-05 14:15:18
date last changed
2024-03-13 08:27:40
@article{f5a23ff9-38d4-48b5-95a5-8537c359f635,
  abstract     = {{<p>Aims/hypothesis: Genetic studies show coupling of genes affecting beta cell function to type 1 diabetes, but hitherto no studies on whether beta cell dysfunction could precede insulitis and clinical onset of type 1 diabetes are available. Methods: We used 40-day-old BioBreeding (BB) DRLyp/Lyp rats (a model of spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes) and diabetes-resistant DRLyp/+ and DR+/+ littermates (controls) to investigate beta cell function in vivo, and insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro. Beta cell mass was assessed by optical projection tomography (OPT) and morphometry. Additionally, measurements of intra-islet blood flow were performed using microsphere injections. We also assessed immune cell infiltration, cytokine expression in islets (by immunohistochemistry and qPCR), as well as islet Glut2 expression and ATP/ADP ratio to determine effects on glucose uptake and metabolism in beta cells. Results: DRLyp/Lyp rats were normoglycaemic and without traces of immune cell infiltrates. However, IVGTTs revealed a significant decrease in the acute insulin response to glucose compared with control rats (1685.3 ± 121.3 vs 633.3 ± 148.7; p &lt; 0.0001). In agreement, insulin secretion was severely perturbed in isolated islets, and both first- and second-phase insulin release were lowered compared with control rats, while glucagon secretion was similar in both groups. Interestingly, after 5–7 days of culture of islets from DRLyp/Lyp rats in normal media, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was improved; although, a significant decrease in GSIS was still evident compared with islets from control rats at this time (7393.9 ± 1593.7 vs 4416.8 ± 1230.5 pg islet<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>; p &lt; 0.0001). Compared with controls, OPT of whole pancreas from DRLyp/Lyp rats revealed significant reductions in medium (4.1 × 10<sup>9</sup> ± 9.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> vs 3.8 × 10<sup>9</sup> ± 5.8 × 10<sup>7</sup> μm<sup>3</sup>; p = 0.044) and small sized islets (1.6 × 10<sup>9</sup> ± 5.1 × 10<sup>7</sup> vs 1.4 × 10<sup>9</sup> ± 4.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> μm<sup>3</sup>; p = 0.035). Finally, we found lower intra-islet blood perfusion in vivo (113.1 ± 16.8 vs 76.9 ± 11.8 μl min<sup>−1</sup> [g pancreas]<sup>−1</sup>; p = 0.023) and alterations in the beta cell ATP/ADP ratio in DRLyp/Lyp rats vs control rats. Conclusions/interpretation: The present study identifies a deterioration of beta cell function and mass, and intra-islet blood flow that precedes insulitis and diabetes development in animals prone to autoimmune type 1 diabetes. These underlying changes in islet function may be previously unrecognised factors of importance in type 1 diabetes development.</p>}},
  author       = {{Medina, Anya and Parween, Saba and Ullsten, Sara and Vishnu, Neelanjan and Siu, Yuk Ting and Quach, My and Bennet, Hedvig and Balhuizen, Alexander and Åkesson, Lina and Wierup, Nils and Carlsson, Per Ola and Ahlgren, Ulf and Lernmark, Åke and Fex, Malin}},
  issn         = {{0012-186X}},
  keywords     = {{Beta cell dysfunction; Beta cell mass; Insulin secretion; Islet blood flow; Type 1 diabetes}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{896--905}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  series       = {{Diabetologia}},
  title        = {{Early deficits in insulin secretion, beta cell mass and islet blood perfusion precede onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in BioBreeding rats}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4512-z}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00125-017-4512-z}},
  volume       = {{61}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}