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β-Cell Function and Glucose Tolerance in Persons With Multiple Islet Autoantibodies Randomized to a Gluten-free Diet

Maziarz, Marlena LU orcid ; Koskenniemi, Jaakko J LU ; Martinez, Maria Månsson LU ; Spiliopoulos, Lampros LU ; Salami, Falastin LU ; Toppari, Jorma ; Kero, Jukka LU ; Veijola, Riitta LU ; Tossavainen, Päivi LU and Palmu, Sauli LU , et al. (2025) In Journal of the Endocrine Society 9(8). p.1-13
Abstract

PURPOSE: A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on β-cell function and glucose tolerance in persons with multiple islet autoantibodies.

METHODS: Individuals (n = 59; median age 11 years) with multiple islet autoantibodies were recruited to a randomized clinical trial between April 2016 and April 2021. The participants were randomized to a GFD (n = 30; female n = 14) or a normal diet (ND) (n = 29; female n = 16). The study was conducted at 6 clinical research centers in Finland and Sweden, with a dietary intervention for 17 months followed by a 6-month washout on a ND. The primary outcomes were (1) the proportion of participants going from normal glucose tolerance at the time of... (More)

PURPOSE: A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on β-cell function and glucose tolerance in persons with multiple islet autoantibodies.

METHODS: Individuals (n = 59; median age 11 years) with multiple islet autoantibodies were recruited to a randomized clinical trial between April 2016 and April 2021. The participants were randomized to a GFD (n = 30; female n = 14) or a normal diet (ND) (n = 29; female n = 16). The study was conducted at 6 clinical research centers in Finland and Sweden, with a dietary intervention for 17 months followed by a 6-month washout on a ND. The primary outcomes were (1) the proportion of participants going from normal glucose tolerance at the time of the randomization to abnormal glucose tolerance by 18 months, (2) a change in first-phase insulin response in IV glucose tolerance tests between randomization and 18 months, and (3) a change in C-peptide area under the curve in oral glucose tolerance test between randomization and 18 months.

RESULTS: We did not find differences between participants randomized to GFD and ND in any of the glucose tolerance outcomes. No serious adverse events or adverse events related to a GFD were noted.

CONCLUSION: Being on a GFD was not found to differ from being on a ND in preserving β-cell function or maintaining normal glucose tolerance in persons with multiple islet autoantibodies.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
epub
subject
in
Journal of the Endocrine Society
volume
9
issue
8
article number
bvaf073
pages
1 - 13
publisher
Oxford University Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:40496896
ISSN
2472-1972
DOI
10.1210/jendso/bvaf073
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.
id
fbcfb0e4-c5f6-454f-9d16-86a57b9c0325
date added to LUP
2025-06-14 20:56:07
date last changed
2025-07-08 10:45:23
@article{fbcfb0e4-c5f6-454f-9d16-86a57b9c0325,
  abstract     = {{<p>PURPOSE: A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on β-cell function and glucose tolerance in persons with multiple islet autoantibodies.</p><p>METHODS: Individuals (n = 59; median age 11 years) with multiple islet autoantibodies were recruited to a randomized clinical trial between April 2016 and April 2021. The participants were randomized to a GFD (n = 30; female n = 14) or a normal diet (ND) (n = 29; female n = 16). The study was conducted at 6 clinical research centers in Finland and Sweden, with a dietary intervention for 17 months followed by a 6-month washout on a ND. The primary outcomes were (1) the proportion of participants going from normal glucose tolerance at the time of the randomization to abnormal glucose tolerance by 18 months, (2) a change in first-phase insulin response in IV glucose tolerance tests between randomization and 18 months, and (3) a change in C-peptide area under the curve in oral glucose tolerance test between randomization and 18 months.</p><p>RESULTS: We did not find differences between participants randomized to GFD and ND in any of the glucose tolerance outcomes. No serious adverse events or adverse events related to a GFD were noted.</p><p>CONCLUSION: Being on a GFD was not found to differ from being on a ND in preserving β-cell function or maintaining normal glucose tolerance in persons with multiple islet autoantibodies.</p>}},
  author       = {{Maziarz, Marlena and Koskenniemi, Jaakko J and Martinez, Maria Månsson and Spiliopoulos, Lampros and Salami, Falastin and Toppari, Jorma and Kero, Jukka and Veijola, Riitta and Tossavainen, Päivi and Palmu, Sauli and Aronsson, Carin Andrén and Lundgren, Markus and Borg, Henrik and Katsarou, Anastasia and Elding Larsson, Helena and Knip, Mikael and Lou, Olivia and Dunne, Jessica L and Törn, Carina and Lernmark, Åke}},
  issn         = {{2472-1972}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{1--13}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  series       = {{Journal of the Endocrine Society}},
  title        = {{β-Cell Function and Glucose Tolerance in Persons With Multiple Islet Autoantibodies Randomized to a Gluten-free Diet}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaf073}},
  doi          = {{10.1210/jendso/bvaf073}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}