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Detailed diesel exhaust characteristics including particle surface area and lung deposited dose for better understanding of health effects in human chamber exposure studies.

Wierzbicka, Aneta LU orcid ; Nilsson, Patrik LU ; Rissler, Jenny LU ; Sallsten, Gerd ; Xu, Yiyi LU ; Pagels, Joakim LU ; Albin, Maria LU ; Österberg, Kai LU ; Strandberg, Bo and Eriksson, Axel LU orcid , et al. (2014) In Atmospheric Environment 86. p.212-219
Abstract
Several diesel exhaust (DE) characteristics, comprising both particle and gas phase, recognized as important when linking with health effects, are not reported in human chamber exposure studies. In order to understand effects of DE on humans there is a need for better characterization of DE when performing exposure studies. The aim of this study was to determine and quantify detailed DE characteristics during human chamber exposure. Additionally to compare to reported DE properties in conducted human exposures. A wide battery of particle and gas phase measurement techniques have been used to provide detailed DE characteristics including the DE particles (DEP) surface area, fraction and dose deposited in the lungs, chemical composition of... (More)
Several diesel exhaust (DE) characteristics, comprising both particle and gas phase, recognized as important when linking with health effects, are not reported in human chamber exposure studies. In order to understand effects of DE on humans there is a need for better characterization of DE when performing exposure studies. The aim of this study was to determine and quantify detailed DE characteristics during human chamber exposure. Additionally to compare to reported DE properties in conducted human exposures. A wide battery of particle and gas phase measurement techniques have been used to provide detailed DE characteristics including the DE particles (DEP) surface area, fraction and dose deposited in the lungs, chemical composition of both particle and gas phase such as NO, NO2, CO, CO2, volatile organic compounds (including aldehydes, benzene, toluene) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Eyes, nose and throat irritation effects were determined. Exposure conditions with PM1 (<1 mm) mass concentration 280 mg m3, number concentration 4 105 cm3 and elemental to total carbon fraction of 82% were generated from a diesel vehicle at idling. When estimating the lung

deposited dose it was found that using the size dependent effective density (in contrast to assuming unity density) reduced the estimated respiratory dose by 132% by mass. Accounting for agglomerated structure of DEP prevented underestimation of lung deposited dose by surface area by 37% in comparison to assuming spherical particles. Comparison of DE characteristics reported in conducted chamber exposures

showed that DE properties vary to a great extent under the same DEP mass concentration and engine load. This highlights the need for detailed and standardized approach for measuring and reporting of DE properties. Eyes irritation effects, most probably caused by aldehydes in the gas phase, as

well as nose irritation were observed at exposure levels below current occupational exposure limit values given for exhaust fumes. Reporting detailed DE characteristics that include DEP properties (such as mass

and number concentration, size resolved information, surface area, chemical composition, lung deposited dose by number, mass and surface) and detailed gas phase including components known for their carcinogenic and irritation effect (e.g. aldehydes, benzene, PAHs) can help in determination of key parameters responsible for observed health effects and comparison of chamber exposure studies. (Less)
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type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Diesel exhaust characteristics, Human laboratory exposure, Particle surface area, Lung deposited dose
in
Atmospheric Environment
volume
86
pages
212 - 219
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • wos:000332143100024
  • scopus:84890316493
ISSN
1352-2310
DOI
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.025
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
f42d00f6-ffcc-43c7-b484-baf095eeb7ed (old id 4293261)
alternative location
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231013008546
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 14:44:52
date last changed
2023-11-13 11:50:48
@article{f42d00f6-ffcc-43c7-b484-baf095eeb7ed,
  abstract     = {{Several diesel exhaust (DE) characteristics, comprising both particle and gas phase, recognized as important when linking with health effects, are not reported in human chamber exposure studies. In order to understand effects of DE on humans there is a need for better characterization of DE when performing exposure studies. The aim of this study was to determine and quantify detailed DE characteristics during human chamber exposure. Additionally to compare to reported DE properties in conducted human exposures. A wide battery of particle and gas phase measurement techniques have been used to provide detailed DE characteristics including the DE particles (DEP) surface area, fraction and dose deposited in the lungs, chemical composition of both particle and gas phase such as NO, NO2, CO, CO2, volatile organic compounds (including aldehydes, benzene, toluene) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Eyes, nose and throat irritation effects were determined. Exposure conditions with PM1 (&lt;1 mm) mass concentration 280 mg m3, number concentration 4 105 cm3 and elemental to total carbon fraction of 82% were generated from a diesel vehicle at idling. When estimating the lung<br/><br>
deposited dose it was found that using the size dependent effective density (in contrast to assuming unity density) reduced the estimated respiratory dose by 132% by mass. Accounting for agglomerated structure of DEP prevented underestimation of lung deposited dose by surface area by 37% in comparison to assuming spherical particles. Comparison of DE characteristics reported in conducted chamber exposures<br/><br>
showed that DE properties vary to a great extent under the same DEP mass concentration and engine load. This highlights the need for detailed and standardized approach for measuring and reporting of DE properties. Eyes irritation effects, most probably caused by aldehydes in the gas phase, as<br/><br>
well as nose irritation were observed at exposure levels below current occupational exposure limit values given for exhaust fumes. Reporting detailed DE characteristics that include DEP properties (such as mass<br/><br>
and number concentration, size resolved information, surface area, chemical composition, lung deposited dose by number, mass and surface) and detailed gas phase including components known for their carcinogenic and irritation effect (e.g. aldehydes, benzene, PAHs) can help in determination of key parameters responsible for observed health effects and comparison of chamber exposure studies.}},
  author       = {{Wierzbicka, Aneta and Nilsson, Patrik and Rissler, Jenny and Sallsten, Gerd and Xu, Yiyi and Pagels, Joakim and Albin, Maria and Österberg, Kai and Strandberg, Bo and Eriksson, Axel and Bohgard, Mats and Bergemalm-Rynell, Kerstin and Gudmundsson, Anders}},
  issn         = {{1352-2310}},
  keywords     = {{Diesel exhaust characteristics; Human laboratory exposure; Particle surface area; Lung deposited dose}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{212--219}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Atmospheric Environment}},
  title        = {{Detailed diesel exhaust characteristics including particle surface area and lung deposited dose for better understanding of health effects in human chamber exposure studies.}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/4143633/5323065.pdf}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.025}},
  volume       = {{86}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}