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Phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in Swedish preschool dust in relation to children's exposure

Larsson, Kristin ; Lindh, Christian H. LU orcid ; Jönsson, Bo A LU ; Giovanoulis, Georgios ; Bibi, Momina ; Bottai, Matteo ; Bergström, Anna and Berglund, Marika (2017) In Environment International 102. p.114-124
Abstract

Children are exposed to a wide range of chemicals in their everyday environments, including the preschool. In this study, we evaluated the levels of phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in dust from 100 Swedish preschools and identified important exposure factors in the indoor environment. In addition, children's total exposure to these chemicals was determined by urine analysis to investigate their relation with dust exposure, and to explore the time trends by comparing with children who provided urine fifteen years earlier. The most abundant plasticizers in preschool dust were the phthalates di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) with geometric mean levels of 450 and 266. μg/g dust,... (More)

Children are exposed to a wide range of chemicals in their everyday environments, including the preschool. In this study, we evaluated the levels of phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in dust from 100 Swedish preschools and identified important exposure factors in the indoor environment. In addition, children's total exposure to these chemicals was determined by urine analysis to investigate their relation with dust exposure, and to explore the time trends by comparing with children who provided urine fifteen years earlier. The most abundant plasticizers in preschool dust were the phthalates di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) with geometric mean levels of 450 and 266. μg/g dust, respectively, and the non-phthalate plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) and diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DiNCH) found at 105 and 73. μg/g dust, respectively. The levels of several substitute plasticizers were higher in newer preschools, whereas the levels of the strictly regulated phthalate di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) were higher in older preschools. The presence of foam mattresses and PVC flooring in the sampling room were associated with higher levels of DiNP in dust. Children's exposure from preschool dust ingestion was below established health based reference values and the estimated exposure to different phthalates and BPA via preschool dust ingestion accounted for 2-27% of the total exposure. We found significantly lower urinary levels of BPA and metabolites of strictly regulated phthalates, but higher levels of DiNP metabolites, in urine from the children in this study compared to the children who provided urine samples fifteen years earlier.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Bisphenol A, Dust, Exposure assessment, Phthalate, Plasticizer, Preschool
in
Environment International
volume
102
pages
114 - 124
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • scopus:85014372834
  • pmid:28274486
  • wos:000400202400014
ISSN
0160-4120
DOI
10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.006
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
37224e4b-8f4e-4630-b4dc-4d1fd7042da3
date added to LUP
2017-03-16 08:09:26
date last changed
2024-04-14 07:49:17
@article{37224e4b-8f4e-4630-b4dc-4d1fd7042da3,
  abstract     = {{<p>Children are exposed to a wide range of chemicals in their everyday environments, including the preschool. In this study, we evaluated the levels of phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in dust from 100 Swedish preschools and identified important exposure factors in the indoor environment. In addition, children's total exposure to these chemicals was determined by urine analysis to investigate their relation with dust exposure, and to explore the time trends by comparing with children who provided urine fifteen years earlier. The most abundant plasticizers in preschool dust were the phthalates di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) with geometric mean levels of 450 and 266. μg/g dust, respectively, and the non-phthalate plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) and diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DiNCH) found at 105 and 73. μg/g dust, respectively. The levels of several substitute plasticizers were higher in newer preschools, whereas the levels of the strictly regulated phthalate di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) were higher in older preschools. The presence of foam mattresses and PVC flooring in the sampling room were associated with higher levels of DiNP in dust. Children's exposure from preschool dust ingestion was below established health based reference values and the estimated exposure to different phthalates and BPA via preschool dust ingestion accounted for 2-27% of the total exposure. We found significantly lower urinary levels of BPA and metabolites of strictly regulated phthalates, but higher levels of DiNP metabolites, in urine from the children in this study compared to the children who provided urine samples fifteen years earlier.</p>}},
  author       = {{Larsson, Kristin and Lindh, Christian H. and Jönsson, Bo A and Giovanoulis, Georgios and Bibi, Momina and Bottai, Matteo and Bergström, Anna and Berglund, Marika}},
  issn         = {{0160-4120}},
  keywords     = {{Bisphenol A; Dust; Exposure assessment; Phthalate; Plasticizer; Preschool}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{114--124}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Environment International}},
  title        = {{Phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in Swedish preschool dust in relation to children's exposure}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.006}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.006}},
  volume       = {{102}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}