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Microvesicle signaling in cardiovascular biology under normal and pathobiological conditions

Bryl-Gorecka, Paulina LU (2021) In Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, a chronic pathology
directly related to the circulatory system, develops due to an interplay between several molecular events.
Atherosclerotic plaque build-up can lead to a reduction in arterial blood flow and finally, myocardial infarction (MI).
To prevent or slow down of the CVD progression, it is important to primarily address modifiable risk factors
connected with lifestyle and nutrition.
Microvesicles (MVs) belong to a larger group, called extracellular vesicles that also includes exosomes and apoptotic
bodies. These small (<1 μm) vesicles are released from the cell by blebbing of plasma membrane, a complex
... (More)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, a chronic pathology
directly related to the circulatory system, develops due to an interplay between several molecular events.
Atherosclerotic plaque build-up can lead to a reduction in arterial blood flow and finally, myocardial infarction (MI).
To prevent or slow down of the CVD progression, it is important to primarily address modifiable risk factors
connected with lifestyle and nutrition.
Microvesicles (MVs) belong to a larger group, called extracellular vesicles that also includes exosomes and apoptotic
bodies. These small (<1 μm) vesicles are released from the cell by blebbing of plasma membrane, a complex
process involving numerous signaling pathways. Circulating MVs originate mainly from blood cells, as well as
vascular endothelial cells. The release is activated by pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant conditions. MVs transport
bioactive molecules both on their surface and inside the lumen that makes them an interesting target for biomarker
discovery and potential diagnostic application. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the role of MVs in
cardiovascular-related pathologies.
To analyse plasma MVs, we optimized an acoustic trapping machine based method, employing ultrasonic standing
wave, that isolates vesicles in a non-contact manner. We demonstrated that the new method is comparable
to standard protocols of MV enrichment and could potentially be used for vesicle-based diagnostics . Furthermore,
the results of a clinical study revealed that exercise has a protective effect on the vasculature through decreasing
a release of MVs from activated endothelium. The proteomic data showed that exercise changes the pattern of the
vesicular cargo.
Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) are considered to be a beneficial dietary component for patients with CVD and in
the BEARSMART randomized clinical study we explored if there was an effect of bilberry powder supplementation
on circulating MVs in MI patients. After eight weeks of dietary intervention, there was a significant reduction in
platelet and endothelial MV concentration. Moreover, the in vitro part of the study demonstrated that bilberry extract
decreased endothelial vesiculation, which was related to the P2X7 purinergic receptor pathway. The results of this
project showed for the first time that nutrional changes can directly affect MV release and underlined the protective
influence of berries on vascular health.
In the PROFLOW clinical study, we observed a negative relationship between coronary flow reserve (CFR),
a parameter depicting blood flow in the heart, and levels of endothelial and platet MVs, circulating in patients with
CVD. Proteomic profiling demonstrated similar connection for CFR and several vesicular biomarkers. The outcome
of this clinical study pointed at a potential application of MVs for diagnosis of vascular dysfunction.
Lastly, we showed that atherosclerotic plaque released MVs, following balloon angioplasty. The results revealed
that the vesicles originated from several types of cells and exhibited a pro-atherogenic ‘pattern’ of proteins that
represented the pathological processes within the cardiovascular system that can lead to the atheroma formation.
We also demonstrated an advantage of analysing isolated EVs, compared to crude plasma samples.
The outcome of the studies included in this thesis points at the important role of MVs in the cardiovascular system.
Study I and II underlined the importance of exercise and nutrition for prevention of CVD through decrease in MVs,
whereas the Western world is still characterized with physical inactivity and imbalanced diet. Study III and IV focused
on potential application of MVs as biomarkers or targets of therapeutics, however it needs further, thorough research
and possibly, personalized approach. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor, MD, PhD Christersson, Christina, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
microvesicles, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, biomarkers, acoustic trapping
in
Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
issue
2021:75
pages
85 pages
publisher
Lund University, Faculty of Medicine
defense location
Segerfalksalen, BMC A10, Sölvegatan 17 i Lund
defense date
2021-09-02 09:00:00
ISSN
1652-8220
ISBN
978-91-8021-081-2
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
53630b7f-506f-4d83-a34e-75e5b495c84e
date added to LUP
2021-08-14 13:36:23
date last changed
2021-08-17 12:16:29
@phdthesis{53630b7f-506f-4d83-a34e-75e5b495c84e,
  abstract     = {{Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, a chronic pathology<br>
directly related to the circulatory system, develops due to an interplay between several molecular events.<br>
Atherosclerotic plaque build-up can lead to a reduction in arterial blood flow and finally, myocardial infarction (MI).<br>
To prevent or slow down of the CVD progression, it is important to primarily address modifiable risk factors<br>
connected with lifestyle and nutrition.<br>
Microvesicles (MVs) belong to a larger group, called extracellular vesicles that also includes exosomes and apoptotic<br>
bodies. These small (&lt;1 μm) vesicles are released from the cell by blebbing of plasma membrane, a complex<br>
process involving numerous signaling pathways. Circulating MVs originate mainly from blood cells, as well as<br>
vascular endothelial cells. The release is activated by pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant conditions. MVs transport<br>
bioactive molecules both on their surface and inside the lumen that makes them an interesting target for biomarker<br>
discovery and potential diagnostic application. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the role of MVs in<br>
cardiovascular-related pathologies.<br>
To analyse plasma MVs, we optimized an acoustic trapping machine based method, employing ultrasonic standing<br>
wave, that isolates vesicles in a non-contact manner. We demonstrated that the new method is comparable<br>
to standard protocols of MV enrichment and could potentially be used for vesicle-based diagnostics . Furthermore,<br>
the results of a clinical study revealed that exercise has a protective effect on the vasculature through decreasing<br>
a release of MVs from activated endothelium. The proteomic data showed that exercise changes the pattern of the<br>
vesicular cargo.<br>
Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) are considered to be a beneficial dietary component for patients with CVD and in<br>
the BEARSMART randomized clinical study we explored if there was an effect of bilberry powder supplementation<br>
on circulating MVs in MI patients. After eight weeks of dietary intervention, there was a significant reduction in<br>
platelet and endothelial MV concentration. Moreover, the in vitro part of the study demonstrated that bilberry extract<br>
decreased endothelial vesiculation, which was related to the P2X7 purinergic receptor pathway. The results of this<br>
project showed for the first time that nutrional changes can directly affect MV release and underlined the protective<br>
influence of berries on vascular health.<br>
In the PROFLOW clinical study, we observed a negative relationship between coronary flow reserve (CFR),<br>
a parameter depicting blood flow in the heart, and levels of endothelial and platet MVs, circulating in patients with<br>
CVD. Proteomic profiling demonstrated similar connection for CFR and several vesicular biomarkers. The outcome<br>
of this clinical study pointed at a potential application of MVs for diagnosis of vascular dysfunction.<br>
Lastly, we showed that atherosclerotic plaque released MVs, following balloon angioplasty. The results revealed<br>
that the vesicles originated from several types of cells and exhibited a pro-atherogenic ‘pattern’ of proteins that<br>
represented the pathological processes within the cardiovascular system that can lead to the atheroma formation.<br>
We also demonstrated an advantage of analysing isolated EVs, compared to crude plasma samples.<br>
The outcome of the studies included in this thesis points at the important role of MVs in the cardiovascular system.<br>
Study I and II underlined the importance of exercise and nutrition for prevention of CVD through decrease in MVs,<br>
whereas the Western world is still characterized with physical inactivity and imbalanced diet. Study III and IV focused<br>
on potential application of MVs as biomarkers or targets of therapeutics, however it needs further, thorough research<br>
and possibly, personalized approach.}},
  author       = {{Bryl-Gorecka, Paulina}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-8021-081-2}},
  issn         = {{1652-8220}},
  keywords     = {{microvesicles; cardiovascular disease; atherosclerosis; biomarkers; acoustic trapping}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2021:75}},
  publisher    = {{Lund University, Faculty of Medicine}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series}},
  title        = {{Microvesicle signaling in cardiovascular biology under normal and pathobiological conditions}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/101229413/e_nailing_ex_Paulina.pdf}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}