Associations of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods with incidence of type 2 diabetes
(2021) In British Journal of Nutrition 126(7). p.1065-1075- Abstract
Dietary carbohydrates have long been expected to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; however, the associations for many carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods remain inconclusive. This study analysed associations between intakes of six types of carbohydrates and thirteen carbohydrate-rich foods with incident type 2 diabetes in 26 622 participants (61% women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in southern Sweden. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline (1991-1996) by using a modified diet history method. During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 cases were identified. Adjusting for potential confounders (including lifestyle, BMI, and dietary factors), comparing highest v. lowest quintile of intake, monosaccharides (hazard ratio... (More)
Dietary carbohydrates have long been expected to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; however, the associations for many carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods remain inconclusive. This study analysed associations between intakes of six types of carbohydrates and thirteen carbohydrate-rich foods with incident type 2 diabetes in 26 622 participants (61% women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in southern Sweden. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline (1991-1996) by using a modified diet history method. During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 cases were identified. Adjusting for potential confounders (including lifestyle, BMI, and dietary factors), comparing highest v. lowest quintile of intake, monosaccharides (hazard ratio (HR) 0·88; 95% CI 0·79, 0·98; P trend = 0·02) and fruits (HR 0·91; 95% CI 0·82, 1·01; P trend = 0·03) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes, while disaccharides (HR 1·17; 95% CI 1·04, 1·30; P trend = 0·002) and sweets (HR 1·09; 95% CI 1·00, 1·19; P trend = 0·02) were positively associated. After stratification by sex, marmalade/honey/jam (HR 0·82; 95% CI 0·72, 0·94; P trend < 0·001) and vegetables (HR 0·85; 95% CI 0·73, 0·98; P trend = 0·06) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in men, and chocolate (HR 1·26; 95% CI 1·09, 1·46; P trend < 0·001) was positively associated in women. In conclusion, we identified inverse associations for intake of monosaccharides and fruits with type 2 diabetes risk, and positive associations for disaccharides and sweets. Additional sex-specific associations were also identified. Future studies are needed to explore these associations further.
(Less)
- author
- Olsson, Kjell
LU
; Ramne, Stina LU
; González-Padilla, Esther LU ; Ericson, Ulrika LU and Sonestedt, Emily LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2021-10-14
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Carbohydrate-rich foods, Carbohydrates, Epidemiology, Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Type 2 diabetes
- in
- British Journal of Nutrition
- volume
- 126
- issue
- 7
- pages
- 1065 - 1075
- publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:33355062
- scopus:85098321291
- ISSN
- 0007-1145
- DOI
- 10.1017/S0007114520005140
- project
- Carbohydrate quality, microbiota and cardiometabolic risk
- Carbohydrate quality and type 2 diabetes
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- a55a2966-b1fe-4374-8560-a799f0325fca
- date added to LUP
- 2021-01-08 10:28:35
- date last changed
- 2024-07-11 05:15:16
@article{a55a2966-b1fe-4374-8560-a799f0325fca, abstract = {{<p>Dietary carbohydrates have long been expected to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; however, the associations for many carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods remain inconclusive. This study analysed associations between intakes of six types of carbohydrates and thirteen carbohydrate-rich foods with incident type 2 diabetes in 26 622 participants (61% women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in southern Sweden. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline (1991-1996) by using a modified diet history method. During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 cases were identified. Adjusting for potential confounders (including lifestyle, BMI, and dietary factors), comparing highest v. lowest quintile of intake, monosaccharides (hazard ratio (HR) 0·88; 95% CI 0·79, 0·98; P trend = 0·02) and fruits (HR 0·91; 95% CI 0·82, 1·01; P trend = 0·03) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes, while disaccharides (HR 1·17; 95% CI 1·04, 1·30; P trend = 0·002) and sweets (HR 1·09; 95% CI 1·00, 1·19; P trend = 0·02) were positively associated. After stratification by sex, marmalade/honey/jam (HR 0·82; 95% CI 0·72, 0·94; P trend < 0·001) and vegetables (HR 0·85; 95% CI 0·73, 0·98; P trend = 0·06) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in men, and chocolate (HR 1·26; 95% CI 1·09, 1·46; P trend < 0·001) was positively associated in women. In conclusion, we identified inverse associations for intake of monosaccharides and fruits with type 2 diabetes risk, and positive associations for disaccharides and sweets. Additional sex-specific associations were also identified. Future studies are needed to explore these associations further. </p>}}, author = {{Olsson, Kjell and Ramne, Stina and González-Padilla, Esther and Ericson, Ulrika and Sonestedt, Emily}}, issn = {{0007-1145}}, keywords = {{Carbohydrate-rich foods; Carbohydrates; Epidemiology; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study; Type 2 diabetes}}, language = {{eng}}, month = {{10}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{1065--1075}}, publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}}, series = {{British Journal of Nutrition}}, title = {{Associations of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods with incidence of type 2 diabetes}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520005140}}, doi = {{10.1017/S0007114520005140}}, volume = {{126}}, year = {{2021}}, }