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Structural and immunoendocrine remodeling in gut, pancreas and thymus in weaning rats fed powdered milk diets rich in Maillard reactants

Dereke, J. LU orcid ; Ekblad, E. LU ; Weström, B. LU ; Erlanson-Albertsson, C. LU ; Landin-Olsson, M. LU ; Sjöholm, I. LU and Hillman, M. LU (2022) In Scientific Reports 12.
Abstract

Western diet is extending worldwide and suspected to be associated with various metabolic diseases. Many food products have skim milk powder added to it and, during processing, lactose reacts with milk proteins and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are formed. Dietary MRPs are suggested risk factors for metabolic dysregulation, but the mechanisms behind are still enigmatic. Here we describe that weaning rats fed diets rich in MRPs are affected in both their immune and endocrine systems. Marked structural changes in pancreas, intestine and thymus are noted already after 1 week of exposure. The pancreatic islets become sparser, the intestinal mucosa is thinner, and thymus displays increased apoptosis and atrophy. Glucagon- like peptide-1... (More)

Western diet is extending worldwide and suspected to be associated with various metabolic diseases. Many food products have skim milk powder added to it and, during processing, lactose reacts with milk proteins and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are formed. Dietary MRPs are suggested risk factors for metabolic dysregulation, but the mechanisms behind are still enigmatic. Here we describe that weaning rats fed diets rich in MRPs are affected in both their immune and endocrine systems. Marked structural changes in pancreas, intestine and thymus are noted already after 1 week of exposure. The pancreatic islets become sparser, the intestinal mucosa is thinner, and thymus displays increased apoptosis and atrophy. Glucagon- like peptide-1 (GLP-1) seems to play a key role in that the number of GLP-1 expressing cells is up-regulated in endocrine pancreas but down-regulated in the intestinal mucosa. Further, intestinal GLP-1-immunoreactive cells are juxta positioned not only to nerve fibres and tuft cells, as previously described, but also to intraepithelial CD3 positive T cells, rendering them a strategic location in metabolic regulation. Our results suggest dietary MRPs to cause metabolic disorders, dysregulation of intestinal GLP-1- immunoreactive cells, arrest in pancreas development and thymus atrophy.

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author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Scientific Reports
volume
12
article number
4039
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • scopus:85126081160
  • pmid:35260716
ISSN
2045-2322
DOI
10.1038/s41598-022-08001-w
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
11d13fd2-7faa-47f2-87c1-ea52da0da20b
date added to LUP
2022-04-20 12:40:28
date last changed
2024-05-06 04:53:57
@article{11d13fd2-7faa-47f2-87c1-ea52da0da20b,
  abstract     = {{<p>Western diet is extending worldwide and suspected to be associated with various metabolic diseases. Many food products have skim milk powder added to it and, during processing, lactose reacts with milk proteins and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are formed. Dietary MRPs are suggested risk factors for metabolic dysregulation, but the mechanisms behind are still enigmatic. Here we describe that weaning rats fed diets rich in MRPs are affected in both their immune and endocrine systems. Marked structural changes in pancreas, intestine and thymus are noted already after 1 week of exposure. The pancreatic islets become sparser, the intestinal mucosa is thinner, and thymus displays increased apoptosis and atrophy. Glucagon- like peptide-1 (GLP-1) seems to play a key role in that the number of GLP-1 expressing cells is up-regulated in endocrine pancreas but down-regulated in the intestinal mucosa. Further, intestinal GLP-1-immunoreactive cells are juxta positioned not only to nerve fibres and tuft cells, as previously described, but also to intraepithelial CD3 positive T cells, rendering them a strategic location in metabolic regulation. Our results suggest dietary MRPs to cause metabolic disorders, dysregulation of intestinal GLP-1- immunoreactive cells, arrest in pancreas development and thymus atrophy.</p>}},
  author       = {{Dereke, J. and Ekblad, E. and Weström, B. and Erlanson-Albertsson, C. and Landin-Olsson, M. and Sjöholm, I. and Hillman, M.}},
  issn         = {{2045-2322}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Scientific Reports}},
  title        = {{Structural and immunoendocrine remodeling in gut, pancreas and thymus in weaning rats fed powdered milk diets rich in Maillard reactants}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08001-w}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41598-022-08001-w}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}