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The glycemic, insulinemic and plasma amino acid responses to equi-carbohydrate milk meals, a pilot- study of bovine and human milk

Gunnerud, Ulrika LU ; Holst, Jens J. ; Östman, Elin LU and Björck, Inger LU (2012) In Nutrition Journal 11.
Abstract
Background: Dairy proteins, in particular the whey fraction, exert insulinogenic properties and facilitate glycemic regulation through a mechanism involving elevation of certain plasma amino acids, and stimulation of incretins. Human milk is rich in whey protein and has not been investigated in this respect. Method: Nine healthy volunteers were served test meals consisting of human milk, bovine milk, reconstituted bovine whey-or casein protein in random order. All test meals contributed with 25g intrinsic or added lactose, and a white wheat bread (WWB) meal was used as reference, providing 25g starch. Post-prandial levels in plasma of glucose, insulin, incretins and amino acids were investigated at time intervals for up to 2 h. Results:... (More)
Background: Dairy proteins, in particular the whey fraction, exert insulinogenic properties and facilitate glycemic regulation through a mechanism involving elevation of certain plasma amino acids, and stimulation of incretins. Human milk is rich in whey protein and has not been investigated in this respect. Method: Nine healthy volunteers were served test meals consisting of human milk, bovine milk, reconstituted bovine whey-or casein protein in random order. All test meals contributed with 25g intrinsic or added lactose, and a white wheat bread (WWB) meal was used as reference, providing 25g starch. Post-prandial levels in plasma of glucose, insulin, incretins and amino acids were investigated at time intervals for up to 2 h. Results: All test meals elicited lower postprandial blood glucose responses, expressed as iAUC 0-120 min compared with the WWB (P < 0.05). The insulin response was increased following all test meals, although only significantly higher after whey. Plasma amino acids were correlated to insulin and incretin secretion (iAUC 0-60 min) (P <= 0.05). The lowered glycemia with the test meals (iAUC 0-90 min) was inversely correlated to GLP-1 (iAUC 0-30 min) (P <= 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that the glycemic response was significantly lower following all milk/milk protein based test meals, in comparison with WWB. The effect appears to originate from the protein fraction and early phase plasma amino acids and incretins were involved in the insulin secretion. Despite its lower protein content, the human milk was a potent GLP-1 secretagogue and showed insulinogenic properties similar to that seen with reconstituted bovine whey-protein, possibly due to the comparatively high proportion of whey in human milk. (Less)
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author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Amino acids, Bovine milk, GIP, GLP-1, Human milk, Whey protein
in
Nutrition Journal
volume
11
publisher
BioMed Central (BMC)
external identifiers
  • wos:000311428000001
  • scopus:84867307283
ISSN
1475-2891
DOI
10.1186/1475-2891-11-83
project
ANTIDIABETIC FOOD CENTRE
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry (011001300)
id
185b7988-0b61-4867-ab16-562ed845371f (old id 3244327)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 14:07:49
date last changed
2023-12-12 00:14:42
@article{185b7988-0b61-4867-ab16-562ed845371f,
  abstract     = {{Background: Dairy proteins, in particular the whey fraction, exert insulinogenic properties and facilitate glycemic regulation through a mechanism involving elevation of certain plasma amino acids, and stimulation of incretins. Human milk is rich in whey protein and has not been investigated in this respect. Method: Nine healthy volunteers were served test meals consisting of human milk, bovine milk, reconstituted bovine whey-or casein protein in random order. All test meals contributed with 25g intrinsic or added lactose, and a white wheat bread (WWB) meal was used as reference, providing 25g starch. Post-prandial levels in plasma of glucose, insulin, incretins and amino acids were investigated at time intervals for up to 2 h. Results: All test meals elicited lower postprandial blood glucose responses, expressed as iAUC 0-120 min compared with the WWB (P &lt; 0.05). The insulin response was increased following all test meals, although only significantly higher after whey. Plasma amino acids were correlated to insulin and incretin secretion (iAUC 0-60 min) (P &lt;= 0.05). The lowered glycemia with the test meals (iAUC 0-90 min) was inversely correlated to GLP-1 (iAUC 0-30 min) (P &lt;= 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that the glycemic response was significantly lower following all milk/milk protein based test meals, in comparison with WWB. The effect appears to originate from the protein fraction and early phase plasma amino acids and incretins were involved in the insulin secretion. Despite its lower protein content, the human milk was a potent GLP-1 secretagogue and showed insulinogenic properties similar to that seen with reconstituted bovine whey-protein, possibly due to the comparatively high proportion of whey in human milk.}},
  author       = {{Gunnerud, Ulrika and Holst, Jens J. and Östman, Elin and Björck, Inger}},
  issn         = {{1475-2891}},
  keywords     = {{Amino acids; Bovine milk; GIP; GLP-1; Human milk; Whey protein}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{BioMed Central (BMC)}},
  series       = {{Nutrition Journal}},
  title        = {{The glycemic, insulinemic and plasma amino acid responses to equi-carbohydrate milk meals, a pilot- study of bovine and human milk}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-83}},
  doi          = {{10.1186/1475-2891-11-83}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}