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Fresh and Aged Organic Aerosol Emissions from Renewable Diesel-Like Fuels HVO and RME in a Heavy-Duty Compression Ignition Engine

Novakovic, Maja LU ; Eriksson, Axel LU orcid ; Gren, Louise LU ; Malmborg, Vilhelm LU orcid ; Shamun, Sam LU ; Karjalainen, Panu ; Svenningsson, Birgitta LU ; Tunér, Martin LU ; Verhelst, Sebastian LU orcid and Pagels, Joakim LU (2023) SAE World Congress Experience, WCX 2023 In SAE Technical Papers
Abstract
A modern diesel engine is a reliable and efficient mean of producing power. A way to reduce harmful exhaust and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and secure the sources of energy is to develop technology for an efficient diesel engine operation independent of fossil fuels. Renewable diesel fuels are compatible with diesel engines without any major modifications. Rapeseed oil methyl esters (RME) and other fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are commonly used in low level blends with diesel. Lately, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) produced from vegetable oil and waste fat has found its way into the automotive market, being approved for use in diesel engines by several leading vehicle manufacturers, either in its pure form or in a mixture with the... (More)
A modern diesel engine is a reliable and efficient mean of producing power. A way to reduce harmful exhaust and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and secure the sources of energy is to develop technology for an efficient diesel engine operation independent of fossil fuels. Renewable diesel fuels are compatible with diesel engines without any major modifications. Rapeseed oil methyl esters (RME) and other fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are commonly used in low level blends with diesel. Lately, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) produced from vegetable oil and waste fat has found its way into the automotive market, being approved for use in diesel engines by several leading vehicle manufacturers, either in its pure form or in a mixture with the fossil diesel to improve the overall environmental footprint. There is a lack of data on how renewable fuels change the semi-volatile organic fraction of exhaust emissions. In order to characterize and explain the difference in exhaust emissions from fossil diesel, HVO and RME fuels, particulate matter (PM) emissions were sampled at two exhaust positions of an experimental single cylinder Scania D13 heavy-duty (HD) diesel engine: at the exhaust manifold, and after a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). Advanced analyzing techniques were used to characterize the composition of the organic PM. Special attention was paid to an operating point at 18% intake oxygen level with constant engine operating conditions where the emission level of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was low, and carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) were relatively low. On-line aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) suggests that the chemical composition of the organic aerosols (OAs) was similar for HVO and diesel. However, RME both reduced the OA emissions and changed the composition with evidence for fuel signatures in the mass spectra. When the emissions were aged in an oxidation flow reactor to simulate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere, it was found that OA concentration strongly increased for all fuels. However, SOA formation was substantially lower for RME compared to the other fuels. The DOC strongly reduced primary organic emissions in both the gas (THC) and particle phase (OA) and only marginally affected OA composition. The DOC was also effective in reducing secondary organic aerosol formation upon atmospheric aging. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Aerosol, Biodiesel, RME, Renewable diesel, HVO, Organic aerosol, Secondary organic aerosol, Diesel oxidation catalyst, Particulate matter
host publication
Technical paper - WCX SAE World Congress Experience
series title
SAE Technical Papers
issue
2023-01-0392
pages
11 pages
publisher
Society of Automotive Engineers
conference name
SAE World Congress Experience, WCX 2023
conference location
Detroit, United States
conference dates
2023-04-18 - 2023-04-20
external identifiers
  • scopus:85160787990
ISSN
2688-3627
0148-7191
DOI
10.4271/2023-01-0392
project
Sustainable Fuels for Cleaner Exhaust Emissions from Heavy-Duty Direct Injection Engines
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
9d9133e3-dec0-4af4-912a-46311624dd80
date added to LUP
2023-01-26 00:55:45
date last changed
2024-06-15 01:21:36
@inproceedings{9d9133e3-dec0-4af4-912a-46311624dd80,
  abstract     = {{A modern diesel engine is a reliable and efficient mean of producing power. A way to reduce harmful exhaust and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and secure the sources of energy is to develop technology for an efficient diesel engine operation independent of fossil fuels. Renewable diesel fuels are compatible with diesel engines without any major modifications. Rapeseed oil methyl esters (RME) and other fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are commonly used in low level blends with diesel. Lately, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) produced from vegetable oil and waste fat has found its way into the automotive market, being approved for use in diesel engines by several leading vehicle manufacturers, either in its pure form or in a mixture with the fossil diesel to improve the overall environmental footprint. There is a lack of data on how renewable fuels change the semi-volatile organic fraction of exhaust emissions. In order to characterize and explain the difference in exhaust emissions from fossil diesel, HVO and RME fuels, particulate matter (PM) emissions were sampled at two exhaust positions of an experimental single cylinder Scania D13 heavy-duty (HD) diesel engine: at the exhaust manifold, and after a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). Advanced analyzing techniques were used to characterize the composition of the organic PM. Special attention was paid to an operating point at 18% intake oxygen level with constant engine operating conditions where the emission level of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was low, and carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) were relatively low. On-line aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) suggests that the chemical composition of the organic aerosols (OAs) was similar for HVO and diesel. However, RME both reduced the OA emissions and changed the composition with evidence for fuel signatures in the mass spectra. When the emissions were aged in an oxidation flow reactor to simulate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere, it was found that OA concentration strongly increased for all fuels. However, SOA formation was substantially lower for RME compared to the other fuels. The DOC strongly reduced primary organic emissions in both the gas (THC) and particle phase (OA) and only marginally affected OA composition. The DOC was also effective in reducing secondary organic aerosol formation upon atmospheric aging.}},
  author       = {{Novakovic, Maja and Eriksson, Axel and Gren, Louise and Malmborg, Vilhelm and Shamun, Sam and Karjalainen, Panu and Svenningsson, Birgitta and Tunér, Martin and Verhelst, Sebastian and Pagels, Joakim}},
  booktitle    = {{Technical paper - WCX SAE World Congress Experience}},
  issn         = {{2688-3627}},
  keywords     = {{Aerosol; Biodiesel; RME; Renewable diesel; HVO; Organic aerosol; Secondary organic aerosol; Diesel oxidation catalyst; Particulate matter}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{04}},
  number       = {{2023-01-0392}},
  publisher    = {{Society of Automotive Engineers}},
  series       = {{SAE Technical Papers}},
  title        = {{Fresh and Aged Organic Aerosol Emissions from Renewable Diesel-Like Fuels HVO and RME in a Heavy-Duty Compression Ignition Engine}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/135836723/Postprint_23PFL_0663_GreenOA.pdf}},
  doi          = {{10.4271/2023-01-0392}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}