Skip to main content

Lund University Publications

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Associations of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods with incidence of type 2 diabetes

Olsson, Kjell LU orcid ; Ramne, Stina LU orcid ; González-Padilla, Esther LU ; Ericson, Ulrika LU and Sonestedt, Emily LU orcid (2021) In British Journal of Nutrition 126(7). p.1065-1075
Abstract

Dietary carbohydrates have long been expected to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; however, the associations for many carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods remain inconclusive. This study analysed associations between intakes of six types of carbohydrates and thirteen carbohydrate-rich foods with incident type 2 diabetes in 26 622 participants (61% women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in southern Sweden. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline (1991-1996) by using a modified diet history method. During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 cases were identified. Adjusting for potential confounders (including lifestyle, BMI, and dietary factors), comparing highest v. lowest quintile of intake, monosaccharides (hazard ratio... (More)

Dietary carbohydrates have long been expected to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; however, the associations for many carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods remain inconclusive. This study analysed associations between intakes of six types of carbohydrates and thirteen carbohydrate-rich foods with incident type 2 diabetes in 26 622 participants (61% women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in southern Sweden. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline (1991-1996) by using a modified diet history method. During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 cases were identified. Adjusting for potential confounders (including lifestyle, BMI, and dietary factors), comparing highest v. lowest quintile of intake, monosaccharides (hazard ratio (HR) 0·88; 95% CI 0·79, 0·98; P trend = 0·02) and fruits (HR 0·91; 95% CI 0·82, 1·01; P trend = 0·03) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes, while disaccharides (HR 1·17; 95% CI 1·04, 1·30; P trend = 0·002) and sweets (HR 1·09; 95% CI 1·00, 1·19; P trend = 0·02) were positively associated. After stratification by sex, marmalade/honey/jam (HR 0·82; 95% CI 0·72, 0·94; P trend < 0·001) and vegetables (HR 0·85; 95% CI 0·73, 0·98; P trend = 0·06) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in men, and chocolate (HR 1·26; 95% CI 1·09, 1·46; P trend < 0·001) was positively associated in women. In conclusion, we identified inverse associations for intake of monosaccharides and fruits with type 2 diabetes risk, and positive associations for disaccharides and sweets. Additional sex-specific associations were also identified. Future studies are needed to explore these associations further.

(Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Carbohydrate-rich foods, Carbohydrates, Epidemiology, Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Type 2 diabetes
in
British Journal of Nutrition
volume
126
issue
7
pages
1065 - 1075
publisher
Cambridge University Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:33355062
  • scopus:85098321291
ISSN
0007-1145
DOI
10.1017/S0007114520005140
project
Carbohydrate quality, microbiota and cardiometabolic risk
Carbohydrate quality and type 2 diabetes
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
a55a2966-b1fe-4374-8560-a799f0325fca
date added to LUP
2021-01-08 10:28:35
date last changed
2024-07-11 05:15:16
@article{a55a2966-b1fe-4374-8560-a799f0325fca,
  abstract     = {{<p>Dietary carbohydrates have long been expected to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; however, the associations for many carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods remain inconclusive. This study analysed associations between intakes of six types of carbohydrates and thirteen carbohydrate-rich foods with incident type 2 diabetes in 26 622 participants (61% women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in southern Sweden. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline (1991-1996) by using a modified diet history method. During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 cases were identified. Adjusting for potential confounders (including lifestyle, BMI, and dietary factors), comparing highest v. lowest quintile of intake, monosaccharides (hazard ratio (HR) 0·88; 95% CI 0·79, 0·98; P trend = 0·02) and fruits (HR 0·91; 95% CI 0·82, 1·01; P trend = 0·03) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes, while disaccharides (HR 1·17; 95% CI 1·04, 1·30; P trend = 0·002) and sweets (HR 1·09; 95% CI 1·00, 1·19; P trend = 0·02) were positively associated. After stratification by sex, marmalade/honey/jam (HR 0·82; 95% CI 0·72, 0·94; P trend &lt; 0·001) and vegetables (HR 0·85; 95% CI 0·73, 0·98; P trend = 0·06) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in men, and chocolate (HR 1·26; 95% CI 1·09, 1·46; P trend &lt; 0·001) was positively associated in women. In conclusion, we identified inverse associations for intake of monosaccharides and fruits with type 2 diabetes risk, and positive associations for disaccharides and sweets. Additional sex-specific associations were also identified. Future studies are needed to explore these associations further. </p>}},
  author       = {{Olsson, Kjell and Ramne, Stina and González-Padilla, Esther and Ericson, Ulrika and Sonestedt, Emily}},
  issn         = {{0007-1145}},
  keywords     = {{Carbohydrate-rich foods; Carbohydrates; Epidemiology; Malmö Diet and Cancer Study; Type 2 diabetes}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{10}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{1065--1075}},
  publisher    = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  series       = {{British Journal of Nutrition}},
  title        = {{Associations of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods with incidence of type 2 diabetes}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520005140}},
  doi          = {{10.1017/S0007114520005140}},
  volume       = {{126}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}