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In Vivo Photopolymerization : Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics

Ek, Fredrik LU orcid ; Abrahamsson, Tobias ; Savvakis, Marios ; Bormann, Stefan LU ; Mousa, Abdelrazek H. LU ; Shameem, Muhammad Anwar LU ; Hellman, Karin LU ; Yadav, Amit Singh LU ; Betancourt, Lazaro Hiram LU and Ekström, Peter LU , et al. (2024) In Advanced Science 11(48).
Abstract

Bioelectronics holds great potential as therapeutics, but introducing conductive structures within the body poses great challenges. While implanted rigid and substrate-bound electrodes often result in inflammation and scarring in vivo, they outperform the in situ-formed, more biocompatible electrodes by providing superior control over electrode geometry. For example, one of the most researched methodologies, the formation of conductive polymers through enzymatic catalysis in vivo, is governed by diffusion control due to the slow kinetics, with curing times that span several hours to days. Herein, the discovery of the formation of biocompatible conductive structures through photopolymerization in vivo, enabling spatial control of... (More)

Bioelectronics holds great potential as therapeutics, but introducing conductive structures within the body poses great challenges. While implanted rigid and substrate-bound electrodes often result in inflammation and scarring in vivo, they outperform the in situ-formed, more biocompatible electrodes by providing superior control over electrode geometry. For example, one of the most researched methodologies, the formation of conductive polymers through enzymatic catalysis in vivo, is governed by diffusion control due to the slow kinetics, with curing times that span several hours to days. Herein, the discovery of the formation of biocompatible conductive structures through photopolymerization in vivo, enabling spatial control of electrode patterns is reported. The process involves photopolymerizing novel photoactive monomers, 3Es (EDOT-trimers) alone and in a mixture to cure the poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)butoxy-1-sulfonate (PEDOT-S) derivative A5, resulting in conductive structures defined by photolithography masks. These reactions are adapted to in vivo conditions using green and red lights, with short curing times of 5–30 min. In contrast to the basic electrode structures formed through other in situ methods, the formation of specific and layered patterns is shown. This opens up the creation of more complex 3D layers-on-layer circuits in vivo.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
biocompatibility, bioelectronics, in vivo, photolithography, photopolymerization
in
Advanced Science
volume
11
issue
48
publisher
John Wiley & Sons Inc.
external identifiers
  • scopus:85208231089
  • pmid:39509564
ISSN
2198-3844
DOI
10.1002/advs.202408628
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
id
fac86c11-33f0-4341-8730-5db5df60863e
date added to LUP
2024-11-19 14:52:37
date last changed
2025-07-16 10:47:44
@article{fac86c11-33f0-4341-8730-5db5df60863e,
  abstract     = {{<p>Bioelectronics holds great potential as therapeutics, but introducing conductive structures within the body poses great challenges. While implanted rigid and substrate-bound electrodes often result in inflammation and scarring in vivo, they outperform the in situ-formed, more biocompatible electrodes by providing superior control over electrode geometry. For example, one of the most researched methodologies, the formation of conductive polymers through enzymatic catalysis in vivo, is governed by diffusion control due to the slow kinetics, with curing times that span several hours to days. Herein, the discovery of the formation of biocompatible conductive structures through photopolymerization in vivo, enabling spatial control of electrode patterns is reported. The process involves photopolymerizing novel photoactive monomers, 3Es (EDOT-trimers) alone and in a mixture to cure the poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)butoxy-1-sulfonate (PEDOT-S) derivative A5, resulting in conductive structures defined by photolithography masks. These reactions are adapted to in vivo conditions using green and red lights, with short curing times of 5–30 min. In contrast to the basic electrode structures formed through other in situ methods, the formation of specific and layered patterns is shown. This opens up the creation of more complex 3D layers-on-layer circuits in vivo.</p>}},
  author       = {{Ek, Fredrik and Abrahamsson, Tobias and Savvakis, Marios and Bormann, Stefan and Mousa, Abdelrazek H. and Shameem, Muhammad Anwar and Hellman, Karin and Yadav, Amit Singh and Betancourt, Lazaro Hiram and Ekström, Peter and Gerasimov, Jennifer Y. and Simon, Daniel T. and Marko-Varga, György and Hjort, Martin and Berggren, Magnus and Strakosas, Xenofon and Olsson, Roger}},
  issn         = {{2198-3844}},
  keywords     = {{biocompatibility, bioelectronics; in vivo; photolithography; photopolymerization}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{48}},
  publisher    = {{John Wiley & Sons Inc.}},
  series       = {{Advanced Science}},
  title        = {{In Vivo Photopolymerization : Achieving Detailed Conducting Patterns for Bioelectronics}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202408628}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/advs.202408628}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}