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Inhalation and Dermal Uptake of Particle and Gas-phase Phthalates - A Human Exposure Study

Andersen, Christina LU ; Krais, Annette LU orcid ; Eriksson, Axel C LU orcid ; Jakobsson, Jonas LU ; Löndahl, Jakob LU orcid ; Nielsen, Jörn LU ; Lindh, Christian H LU orcid ; Pagels, Joakim LU ; Gudmundsson, Anders LU and Wierzbicka, Aneta LU orcid (2018) In Environmental Science & Technology 52(21). p.12792-12800
Abstract

Phthalates are ubiquitous in indoor environments, which raises concern about their endocrine disrupting properties. However, studies of human uptake from airborne exposure are limited. We studied the inhalation uptake and dermal uptake by air-to-skin transfer with clean clothing as a barrier of two deuterium-labelled airborne phthalates: particle-phase D4-DEHP (di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) and gas-phase D4-DEP (diethyl phthalate). Sixteen participants, wearing trousers and long-sleeved shirts, were under controlled conditions exposed to airborne phthalates in four exposure scenarios: dermal uptake alone, and combined inhalation+dermal uptake of both phthalates. The results showed an average uptake of D4-DEHP by inhalation of... (More)

Phthalates are ubiquitous in indoor environments, which raises concern about their endocrine disrupting properties. However, studies of human uptake from airborne exposure are limited. We studied the inhalation uptake and dermal uptake by air-to-skin transfer with clean clothing as a barrier of two deuterium-labelled airborne phthalates: particle-phase D4-DEHP (di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) and gas-phase D4-DEP (diethyl phthalate). Sixteen participants, wearing trousers and long-sleeved shirts, were under controlled conditions exposed to airborne phthalates in four exposure scenarios: dermal uptake alone, and combined inhalation+dermal uptake of both phthalates. The results showed an average uptake of D4-DEHP by inhalation of 0.0014±0.00088 (µg kg-1 bw)/(µg m-3)/h. No dermal uptake of D4-DEHP was observed during the 3 hour exposure with clean clothing. The deposited dose of D4-DEHP accounted for 26% of the total inhaled D4-DEHP mass. For D4-DEP, the average uptake by inhalation+dermal was 0.0067±0.0045 and 0.00073±0.00051 (µg kg-1 bw)/(µg m-3)/h for dermal uptake. Urinary excretion factors of metabolites after inhalation were estimated to 0.69 for D4-DEHP and 0.50 for D4-DEP. Under the described settings, the main uptake of both phthalates was through inhalation. The results demonstrate the differences in uptake of gas and particles, and highlights the importance of considering the deposited dose in particle uptake studies.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Environmental Science & Technology
volume
52
issue
21
pages
12792 - 12800
publisher
The American Chemical Society (ACS)
external identifiers
  • pmid:30264993
  • scopus:85054996572
ISSN
1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/acs.est.8b03761
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
e41b719a-ad8d-4cff-bf75-71c925cae952
date added to LUP
2018-10-02 23:00:11
date last changed
2025-01-08 15:48:43
@article{e41b719a-ad8d-4cff-bf75-71c925cae952,
  abstract     = {{<p>Phthalates are ubiquitous in indoor environments, which raises concern about their endocrine disrupting properties. However, studies of human uptake from airborne exposure are limited. We studied the inhalation uptake and dermal uptake by air-to-skin transfer with clean clothing as a barrier of two deuterium-labelled airborne phthalates: particle-phase D4-DEHP (di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) and gas-phase D4-DEP (diethyl phthalate). Sixteen participants, wearing trousers and long-sleeved shirts, were under controlled conditions exposed to airborne phthalates in four exposure scenarios: dermal uptake alone, and combined inhalation+dermal uptake of both phthalates. The results showed an average uptake of D4-DEHP by inhalation of 0.0014±0.00088 (µg kg-1 bw)/(µg m-3)/h. No dermal uptake of D4-DEHP was observed during the 3 hour exposure with clean clothing. The deposited dose of D4-DEHP accounted for 26% of the total inhaled D4-DEHP mass. For D4-DEP, the average uptake by inhalation+dermal was 0.0067±0.0045 and 0.00073±0.00051 (µg kg-1 bw)/(µg m-3)/h for dermal uptake. Urinary excretion factors of metabolites after inhalation were estimated to 0.69 for D4-DEHP and 0.50 for D4-DEP. Under the described settings, the main uptake of both phthalates was through inhalation. The results demonstrate the differences in uptake of gas and particles, and highlights the importance of considering the deposited dose in particle uptake studies.</p>}},
  author       = {{Andersen, Christina and Krais, Annette and Eriksson, Axel C and Jakobsson, Jonas and Löndahl, Jakob and Nielsen, Jörn and Lindh, Christian H and Pagels, Joakim and Gudmundsson, Anders and Wierzbicka, Aneta}},
  issn         = {{1520-5851}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{09}},
  number       = {{21}},
  pages        = {{12792--12800}},
  publisher    = {{The American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  series       = {{Environmental Science & Technology}},
  title        = {{Inhalation and Dermal Uptake of Particle and Gas-phase Phthalates - A Human Exposure Study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03761}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.est.8b03761}},
  volume       = {{52}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}