Look where I look! : Real time Eye Movement Modeling Examples in the Classroom
Niehorster, Diederick LU
; Van Hoecke, Senne
; Nyström, Marcus
LU
; Van Gog, Tamara
and Jarodzka, Halszka
(2026)
In Frontline Learning Research
13(4).
- Abstract
- Classrooms are becoming increasingly digital. One novel digital technology that might enter classrooms soon is eye tracking. This is a method to estimate a person’s gaze direction and infer the point of visual attention. This technology has already provided insights into how students process computer-based instructional material. Moreover, it has been used to enhance pre-recorded video instruction, by showing learners where the teacher is looking, which made it easier for learners to follow and learn from the teacher (i.e., eye movement modeling examples). Thus far, this was only implemented in pre-recorded videos. In the current paper, we present a proof-of-concept, with a focus on the technical set-up, that shows how this approach can... (More)
- Classrooms are becoming increasingly digital. One novel digital technology that might enter classrooms soon is eye tracking. This is a method to estimate a person’s gaze direction and infer the point of visual attention. This technology has already provided insights into how students process computer-based instructional material. Moreover, it has been used to enhance pre-recorded video instruction, by showing learners where the teacher is looking, which made it easier for learners to follow and learn from the teacher (i.e., eye movement modeling examples). Thus far, this was only implemented in pre-recorded videos. In the current paper, we present a proof-of-concept, with a focus on the technical set-up, that shows how this approach can also be used in real time, during teaching. We recorded the eye movements of a teacher giving a PowerPoint presentation and displayed his eye-movements in real-time to students who were present in the same classroom. Students saw one of three different versions of the presentation: The PowerPoint only (1), the PowerPoint with an overlay of the teacher’s eye movements as a circle (2) or as an inversed blurring of the material (3). Eye movement displays significantly affected how closely students followed the teacher’s gaze, but had no impact on learning. We discuss open research questions and possible future applications in educational practice. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/027db522-3c2b-408c-8315-dc35af791d8f
- author
- Niehorster, Diederick
LU
; Van Hoecke, Senne
; Nyström, Marcus
LU
; Van Gog, Tamara
and Jarodzka, Halszka
- organization
- publishing date
- 2026-06-19
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- eye tracking, digital classroom, eye movement modeling examples, cueing
- in
- Frontline Learning Research
- volume
- 13
- issue
- 4
- pages
- 21 pages
- publisher
- European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction
- ISSN
- 2295-3159
- DOI
- 10.14786/flr.v13i4.1499
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 027db522-3c2b-408c-8315-dc35af791d8f
- date added to LUP
- 2026-06-22 08:26:50
- date last changed
- 2026-07-01 12:30:19
@article{027db522-3c2b-408c-8315-dc35af791d8f,
abstract = {{Classrooms are becoming increasingly digital. One novel digital technology that might enter classrooms soon is eye tracking. This is a method to estimate a person’s gaze direction and infer the point of visual attention. This technology has already provided insights into how students process computer-based instructional material. Moreover, it has been used to enhance pre-recorded video instruction, by showing learners where the teacher is looking, which made it easier for learners to follow and learn from the teacher (i.e., eye movement modeling examples). Thus far, this was only implemented in pre-recorded videos. In the current paper, we present a proof-of-concept, with a focus on the technical set-up, that shows how this approach can also be used in real time, during teaching. We recorded the eye movements of a teacher giving a PowerPoint presentation and displayed his eye-movements in real-time to students who were present in the same classroom. Students saw one of three different versions of the presentation: The PowerPoint only (1), the PowerPoint with an overlay of the teacher’s eye movements as a circle (2) or as an inversed blurring of the material (3). Eye movement displays significantly affected how closely students followed the teacher’s gaze, but had no impact on learning. We discuss open research questions and possible future applications in educational practice.}},
author = {{Niehorster, Diederick and Van Hoecke, Senne and Nyström, Marcus and Van Gog, Tamara and Jarodzka, Halszka}},
issn = {{2295-3159}},
keywords = {{eye tracking; digital classroom; eye movement modeling examples; cueing}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{06}},
number = {{4}},
publisher = {{European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction}},
series = {{Frontline Learning Research}},
title = {{Look where I look! : Real time Eye Movement Modeling Examples in the Classroom}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.14786/flr.v13i4.1499}},
doi = {{10.14786/flr.v13i4.1499}},
volume = {{13}},
year = {{2026}},
}