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Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

van Bakel, M. M. E. ; Kaaks, R. ; Feskens, E. J. M. ; Rohrmann, S. ; Welch, A. A. ; Pala, V. ; Avloniti, K. ; van der Schouw, Y. T. ; van der A, D. L. and Du, H. , et al. (2009) In European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63(4s). p.188-205
Abstract
Objectives: To describe dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) values in the population participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study according to food groups, nutrients and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: Single 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) from 33 566 subjects were used to calculate dietary GI and GL, and an ad hoc database was created as the main reference source. Mean GI and GL intakes were adjusted for age, total energy intake, height and weight, and were weighted by season and day of recall. Results: GI was the lowest in Spain and Germany, and highest in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Denmark for both genders. In men, GL was the lowest in Spain and Germany and... (More)
Objectives: To describe dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) values in the population participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study according to food groups, nutrients and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: Single 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) from 33 566 subjects were used to calculate dietary GI and GL, and an ad hoc database was created as the main reference source. Mean GI and GL intakes were adjusted for age, total energy intake, height and weight, and were weighted by season and day of recall. Results: GI was the lowest in Spain and Germany, and highest in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Denmark for both genders. In men, GL was the lowest in Spain and Germany and highest in Italy, whereas in women, it was the lowest in Spain and Greece and highest in the UK health-conscious cohort. Bread was the largest contributor to GL in all centres (15-45%), but it also showed the largest inter-individual variation. GL, but not GI, tended to be lower in the highest body mass index category in both genders. GI was positively correlated with starch and intakes of bread and potatoes, whereas it was correlated negatively with intakes of sugar, fruit and dairy products. GL was positively correlated with all carbohydrate components and intakes of cereals, whereas it was negatively correlated with fat and alcohol and with intakes of wine, with large variations across countries. Conclusions: GI means varied modestly across countries and genders, whereas GL means varied more, but it may possibly act as a surrogate of carbohydrate intake. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, S188-S205; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.81 (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
ENDB, EPIC, 24-h dietary recall, glycaemic index, glycaemic load, standardization
in
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
volume
63
issue
4s
pages
188 - 205
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • wos:000271470400011
  • scopus:70450175745
  • pmid:19888274
ISSN
1476-5640
DOI
10.1038/ejcn.2009.81
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
441eee56-2fa9-4241-b50e-f0a7d91aa3ea (old id 1520551)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 14:18:56
date last changed
2022-04-11 12:31:39
@article{441eee56-2fa9-4241-b50e-f0a7d91aa3ea,
  abstract     = {{Objectives: To describe dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) values in the population participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study according to food groups, nutrients and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: Single 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) from 33 566 subjects were used to calculate dietary GI and GL, and an ad hoc database was created as the main reference source. Mean GI and GL intakes were adjusted for age, total energy intake, height and weight, and were weighted by season and day of recall. Results: GI was the lowest in Spain and Germany, and highest in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Denmark for both genders. In men, GL was the lowest in Spain and Germany and highest in Italy, whereas in women, it was the lowest in Spain and Greece and highest in the UK health-conscious cohort. Bread was the largest contributor to GL in all centres (15-45%), but it also showed the largest inter-individual variation. GL, but not GI, tended to be lower in the highest body mass index category in both genders. GI was positively correlated with starch and intakes of bread and potatoes, whereas it was correlated negatively with intakes of sugar, fruit and dairy products. GL was positively correlated with all carbohydrate components and intakes of cereals, whereas it was negatively correlated with fat and alcohol and with intakes of wine, with large variations across countries. Conclusions: GI means varied modestly across countries and genders, whereas GL means varied more, but it may possibly act as a surrogate of carbohydrate intake. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, S188-S205; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.81}},
  author       = {{van Bakel, M. M. E. and Kaaks, R. and Feskens, E. J. M. and Rohrmann, S. and Welch, A. A. and Pala, V. and Avloniti, K. and van der Schouw, Y. T. and van der A, D. L. and Du, H. and Halkjaer, J. and Tormo, M. J. and Cust, A. E. and Brighenti, F. and Beulens, J. W. and Ferrari, P. and Biessy, C. and Lentjes, M. and Spencer, E. A. and Panico, S. and Masala, G. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. and Peeters, P. H. M. and Trichopoulou, A. and Psaltopoulou, T. and Clavel-Chapelon, F. and Touvier, M. and Skeie, G. and Rinaldi, S. and Sonestedt, Emily and Johansson, I. and Schulze, M. and Ardanaz, E. and Buckland, G. and Tjonneland, A. and Overvad, K. and Bingham, S. and Riboli, E. and Slimani, N.}},
  issn         = {{1476-5640}},
  keywords     = {{ENDB; EPIC; 24-h dietary recall; glycaemic index; glycaemic load; standardization}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4s}},
  pages        = {{188--205}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{European Journal of Clinical Nutrition}},
  title        = {{Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2009.81}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/ejcn.2009.81}},
  volume       = {{63}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}