Expressing Robot Emotion Using Eye Colors, Pupil Sizes, Eye Direction and Head Postures
Tärning, Betty LU ; Tjøstheim, Trond A. LU ; Mirström, Mariam LU
and Johansson, Birger
LU
(2025)
In International Journal of Social Robotics
- Abstract
- At the current time, social robots are poised to enter human society in an unprecedented way. However, robots currentlyare not adept at communicating emotional states, even if humans to a large extent rely on such communication to regulateinteraction. Although facial expressions are difficult for robots to make use of, colored lights are readily available. Currentlythough, there is no consensus on how to best represent emotions using colors in robots. In this paper, we study how humansperceive the humanoid robot, Epi, when displaying different eye colors, eye color intensity, pupil sizes, head postures incombination with eye directions. Two online experiments were conducted where subjects were presented with pictures ofthe robot and asked... (More)
- At the current time, social robots are poised to enter human society in an unprecedented way. However, robots currentlyare not adept at communicating emotional states, even if humans to a large extent rely on such communication to regulateinteraction. Although facial expressions are difficult for robots to make use of, colored lights are readily available. Currentlythough, there is no consensus on how to best represent emotions using colors in robots. In this paper, we study how humansperceive the humanoid robot, Epi, when displaying different eye colors, eye color intensity, pupil sizes, head postures incombination with eye directions. Two online experiments were conducted where subjects were presented with pictures ofthe robot and asked how they perceived it in relation to six different emotions (anger, fear, surprise, disgust, sadness andenjoyment). In experiment 1, we looked at how eye color and light intensity correlates to the different emotions. In experiment2, we focus on how pupil size, head posture and eye direction affect how the robot is perceived. Results indicate that red isstrongly associated with anger, and that people rate Epi as expressing disgust and sadness more when light intensity dims. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/75746b27-7738-4229-8d55-9ac4d35bd84e
- author
- Tärning, Betty
LU
; Tjøstheim, Trond A.
LU
; Mirström, Mariam
LU
and Johansson, Birger
LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2025-04-12
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Human robot interaction (HRI), Emotion, Eye colors, Pupil sizes, Postures, Eye direction
- in
- International Journal of Social Robotics
- pages
- 13 pages
- publisher
- Springer
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:105002348194
- ISSN
- 1875-4791
- DOI
- 10.1007/s12369-025-01236-3
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 75746b27-7738-4229-8d55-9ac4d35bd84e
- date added to LUP
- 2025-04-13 08:11:32
- date last changed
- 2025-06-28 04:03:00
@article{75746b27-7738-4229-8d55-9ac4d35bd84e,
abstract = {{At the current time, social robots are poised to enter human society in an unprecedented way. However, robots currentlyare not adept at communicating emotional states, even if humans to a large extent rely on such communication to regulateinteraction. Although facial expressions are difficult for robots to make use of, colored lights are readily available. Currentlythough, there is no consensus on how to best represent emotions using colors in robots. In this paper, we study how humansperceive the humanoid robot, Epi, when displaying different eye colors, eye color intensity, pupil sizes, head postures incombination with eye directions. Two online experiments were conducted where subjects were presented with pictures ofthe robot and asked how they perceived it in relation to six different emotions (anger, fear, surprise, disgust, sadness andenjoyment). In experiment 1, we looked at how eye color and light intensity correlates to the different emotions. In experiment2, we focus on how pupil size, head posture and eye direction affect how the robot is perceived. Results indicate that red isstrongly associated with anger, and that people rate Epi as expressing disgust and sadness more when light intensity dims.}},
author = {{Tärning, Betty and Tjøstheim, Trond A. and Mirström, Mariam and Johansson, Birger}},
issn = {{1875-4791}},
keywords = {{Human robot interaction (HRI); Emotion; Eye colors; Pupil sizes; Postures; Eye direction}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{04}},
publisher = {{Springer}},
series = {{International Journal of Social Robotics}},
title = {{Expressing Robot Emotion Using Eye Colors, Pupil Sizes, Eye Direction and Head Postures}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01236-3}},
doi = {{10.1007/s12369-025-01236-3}},
year = {{2025}},
}